The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in <i>Clematis</i> L.
Flower morphology is a critical ornamental trait in flowering plants. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying flower development is essential for the breeding of diverse ornamental plant cultivars. The ABCE model genes are pivotal in regulating floral development in angiosperms. In order to...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Xuerong Chen Ping Zhou Nanhong Guo Yiping Zheng Xiumei Hou Lihui Zeng |
| author_facet | Xuerong Chen Ping Zhou Nanhong Guo Yiping Zheng Xiumei Hou Lihui Zeng |
| author_sort | Xuerong Chen |
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| description | Flower morphology is a critical ornamental trait in flowering plants. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying flower development is essential for the breeding of diverse ornamental plant cultivars. The ABCE model genes are pivotal in regulating floral development in angiosperms. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of flower development in <i>Clematis</i>, nine ABCE model genes were identified from the transcriptome data of <i>Clematis</i> cv. ‘Amethyst Beauty’. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns among these genes. <i>ClPI</i>, <i>ClSEP1</i>, and <i>ClSEP3</i> were predominantly expressed in sepals. <i>ClAP3</i>, <i>ClPI</i>, <i>ClAG2</i>, <i>ClSEP1</i>, and <i>ClSEP3</i> were highly expressed in stamens. <i>ClAG1</i> was exclusively expressed in pistils. These findings suggested that ABCE genes may play an important role in regulating the formation of flower morphology in the <i>Clematis</i>. The open reading frame (ORF) of <i>ClAG2</i> was cloned and overexpression of <i>ClAG2</i> in tobacco resulted in shorter corolla tube, reduced crown area, and stunted stamen. ClAG2 may have a negative effect on the formation of double-tepal flowers of <i>Clematis</i> and play a specific role in stamen and pistil development. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that ClAG2 could interact with class E proteins ClSEP3 and ClSEP4 but not with class B proteins ClAP3 and ClPI. Our results will lay a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism of flower development regulation in <i>Clematis</i>. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5fa2ce5687a4ca381e2a1fff93dc0242025-01-24T13:34:29ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-12-011111910.3390/horticulturae11010019The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in <i>Clematis</i> L.Xuerong Chen0Ping Zhou1Nanhong Guo2Yiping Zheng3Xiumei Hou4Lihui Zeng5Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaInstitute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaFlower morphology is a critical ornamental trait in flowering plants. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying flower development is essential for the breeding of diverse ornamental plant cultivars. The ABCE model genes are pivotal in regulating floral development in angiosperms. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of flower development in <i>Clematis</i>, nine ABCE model genes were identified from the transcriptome data of <i>Clematis</i> cv. ‘Amethyst Beauty’. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed tissue-specific expression patterns among these genes. <i>ClPI</i>, <i>ClSEP1</i>, and <i>ClSEP3</i> were predominantly expressed in sepals. <i>ClAP3</i>, <i>ClPI</i>, <i>ClAG2</i>, <i>ClSEP1</i>, and <i>ClSEP3</i> were highly expressed in stamens. <i>ClAG1</i> was exclusively expressed in pistils. These findings suggested that ABCE genes may play an important role in regulating the formation of flower morphology in the <i>Clematis</i>. The open reading frame (ORF) of <i>ClAG2</i> was cloned and overexpression of <i>ClAG2</i> in tobacco resulted in shorter corolla tube, reduced crown area, and stunted stamen. ClAG2 may have a negative effect on the formation of double-tepal flowers of <i>Clematis</i> and play a specific role in stamen and pistil development. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that ClAG2 could interact with class E proteins ClSEP3 and ClSEP4 but not with class B proteins ClAP3 and ClPI. Our results will lay a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism of flower development regulation in <i>Clematis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/19<i>Clematis</i>floral morphologyABCE model genesexpression analysisAGAMOUS |
| spellingShingle | Xuerong Chen Ping Zhou Nanhong Guo Yiping Zheng Xiumei Hou Lihui Zeng The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in <i>Clematis</i> L. Horticulturae <i>Clematis</i> floral morphology ABCE model genes expression analysis AGAMOUS |
| title | The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in <i>Clematis</i> L. |
| title_full | The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in <i>Clematis</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in <i>Clematis</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in <i>Clematis</i> L. |
| title_short | The MADS-Box Transcription Factor ClAG2 Is a Key Regulator for the Formation of Double Flower in <i>Clematis</i> L. |
| title_sort | mads box transcription factor clag2 is a key regulator for the formation of double flower in i clematis i l |
| topic | <i>Clematis</i> floral morphology ABCE model genes expression analysis AGAMOUS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/19 |
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