The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae

As a major substitute for the bisphenol A (BPA), the use of the bisphenol F (BPF) has increased dramatically in recent years. Growing evidence suggest that BPF shares numerous toxicological properties with BPA, raising the concerns about its potential impact on the health of organisms. However, the...

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Main Authors: Biyu Wu, Zirui Cheng, Xiang Li, Minxing Liang, Xue Wang, Duan Pi, Jiayi Liu, Huiling Li, Jun Zhao, Junjie Wang, Fang Liang, Xuegeng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325006189
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author Biyu Wu
Zirui Cheng
Xiang Li
Minxing Liang
Xue Wang
Duan Pi
Jiayi Liu
Huiling Li
Jun Zhao
Junjie Wang
Fang Liang
Xuegeng Wang
author_facet Biyu Wu
Zirui Cheng
Xiang Li
Minxing Liang
Xue Wang
Duan Pi
Jiayi Liu
Huiling Li
Jun Zhao
Junjie Wang
Fang Liang
Xuegeng Wang
author_sort Biyu Wu
collection DOAJ
description As a major substitute for the bisphenol A (BPA), the use of the bisphenol F (BPF) has increased dramatically in recent years. Growing evidence suggest that BPF shares numerous toxicological properties with BPA, raising the concerns about its potential impact on the health of organisms. However, the developmental toxicity of BPF remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a 5-day BPF exposure experiment on zebrafish (Danio rerio) from blastula stage at concentrations of 2, 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in hatching rates across all treatment groups at 2 days post-fertilization (dpf). The esr1 was significantly upregulated at 2000 µg/L by 5 dpf, while no significant change was observed in ar. The frequency of operculum loss significantly increased at exposure concentrations of 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L, and a notable increase in notochord loss was observed at 2000 µg/L. To explore the underlying mechanisms, transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the toxic effects of BPF were closely associated with osteoclast differentiation, the FoxO signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. These pathways influenced critical biological processes, including response to stimuli, animal organ morphogenesis, detoxification, and biomineralization. This study provides evidence that BPF exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (2 µg/L) is harmful to hatching, concentrations above 20 µg/L exhibit estrogenic-disrupting activity and exert toxicological effects on the development of the head skeleton in zebrafish. These effects are particularly linked to disruptions in osteoclast differentiation.
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spelling doaj-art-c5f72fe7920c481d91c0c0766d088e072025-08-20T01:53:27ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-06-0129811828210.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118282The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvaeBiyu Wu0Zirui Cheng1Xiang Li2Minxing Liang3Xue Wang4Duan Pi5Jiayi Liu6Huiling Li7Jun Zhao8Junjie Wang9Fang Liang10Xuegeng Wang11Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaCorresponding authors.; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaCorresponding authors.; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaAs a major substitute for the bisphenol A (BPA), the use of the bisphenol F (BPF) has increased dramatically in recent years. Growing evidence suggest that BPF shares numerous toxicological properties with BPA, raising the concerns about its potential impact on the health of organisms. However, the developmental toxicity of BPF remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a 5-day BPF exposure experiment on zebrafish (Danio rerio) from blastula stage at concentrations of 2, 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in hatching rates across all treatment groups at 2 days post-fertilization (dpf). The esr1 was significantly upregulated at 2000 µg/L by 5 dpf, while no significant change was observed in ar. The frequency of operculum loss significantly increased at exposure concentrations of 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L, and a notable increase in notochord loss was observed at 2000 µg/L. To explore the underlying mechanisms, transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the toxic effects of BPF were closely associated with osteoclast differentiation, the FoxO signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. These pathways influenced critical biological processes, including response to stimuli, animal organ morphogenesis, detoxification, and biomineralization. This study provides evidence that BPF exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (2 µg/L) is harmful to hatching, concentrations above 20 µg/L exhibit estrogenic-disrupting activity and exert toxicological effects on the development of the head skeleton in zebrafish. These effects are particularly linked to disruptions in osteoclast differentiation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325006189Bisphenol FEarly hatchingHead skeletonToxicity mechanismZebrafish
spellingShingle Biyu Wu
Zirui Cheng
Xiang Li
Minxing Liang
Xue Wang
Duan Pi
Jiayi Liu
Huiling Li
Jun Zhao
Junjie Wang
Fang Liang
Xuegeng Wang
The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Bisphenol F
Early hatching
Head skeleton
Toxicity mechanism
Zebrafish
title The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae
title_full The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae
title_fullStr The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae
title_full_unstemmed The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae
title_short The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae
title_sort developmental toxicity of bisphenol f exposure on the zebrafish larvae
topic Bisphenol F
Early hatching
Head skeleton
Toxicity mechanism
Zebrafish
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325006189
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