The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae
As a major substitute for the bisphenol A (BPA), the use of the bisphenol F (BPF) has increased dramatically in recent years. Growing evidence suggest that BPF shares numerous toxicological properties with BPA, raising the concerns about its potential impact on the health of organisms. However, the...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325006189 |
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| author | Biyu Wu Zirui Cheng Xiang Li Minxing Liang Xue Wang Duan Pi Jiayi Liu Huiling Li Jun Zhao Junjie Wang Fang Liang Xuegeng Wang |
| author_facet | Biyu Wu Zirui Cheng Xiang Li Minxing Liang Xue Wang Duan Pi Jiayi Liu Huiling Li Jun Zhao Junjie Wang Fang Liang Xuegeng Wang |
| author_sort | Biyu Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a major substitute for the bisphenol A (BPA), the use of the bisphenol F (BPF) has increased dramatically in recent years. Growing evidence suggest that BPF shares numerous toxicological properties with BPA, raising the concerns about its potential impact on the health of organisms. However, the developmental toxicity of BPF remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a 5-day BPF exposure experiment on zebrafish (Danio rerio) from blastula stage at concentrations of 2, 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in hatching rates across all treatment groups at 2 days post-fertilization (dpf). The esr1 was significantly upregulated at 2000 µg/L by 5 dpf, while no significant change was observed in ar. The frequency of operculum loss significantly increased at exposure concentrations of 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L, and a notable increase in notochord loss was observed at 2000 µg/L. To explore the underlying mechanisms, transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the toxic effects of BPF were closely associated with osteoclast differentiation, the FoxO signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. These pathways influenced critical biological processes, including response to stimuli, animal organ morphogenesis, detoxification, and biomineralization. This study provides evidence that BPF exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (2 µg/L) is harmful to hatching, concentrations above 20 µg/L exhibit estrogenic-disrupting activity and exert toxicological effects on the development of the head skeleton in zebrafish. These effects are particularly linked to disruptions in osteoclast differentiation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5f72fe7920c481d91c0c0766d088e07 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5f72fe7920c481d91c0c0766d088e072025-08-20T01:53:27ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-06-0129811828210.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118282The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvaeBiyu Wu0Zirui Cheng1Xiang Li2Minxing Liang3Xue Wang4Duan Pi5Jiayi Liu6Huiling Li7Jun Zhao8Junjie Wang9Fang Liang10Xuegeng Wang11Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaInstitute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaCorresponding authors.; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaCorresponding authors.; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Aquaculture Breeding Development and Innovation, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, ChinaAs a major substitute for the bisphenol A (BPA), the use of the bisphenol F (BPF) has increased dramatically in recent years. Growing evidence suggest that BPF shares numerous toxicological properties with BPA, raising the concerns about its potential impact on the health of organisms. However, the developmental toxicity of BPF remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a 5-day BPF exposure experiment on zebrafish (Danio rerio) from blastula stage at concentrations of 2, 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in hatching rates across all treatment groups at 2 days post-fertilization (dpf). The esr1 was significantly upregulated at 2000 µg/L by 5 dpf, while no significant change was observed in ar. The frequency of operculum loss significantly increased at exposure concentrations of 20, 200, and 2000 µg/L, and a notable increase in notochord loss was observed at 2000 µg/L. To explore the underlying mechanisms, transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the toxic effects of BPF were closely associated with osteoclast differentiation, the FoxO signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. These pathways influenced critical biological processes, including response to stimuli, animal organ morphogenesis, detoxification, and biomineralization. This study provides evidence that BPF exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations (2 µg/L) is harmful to hatching, concentrations above 20 µg/L exhibit estrogenic-disrupting activity and exert toxicological effects on the development of the head skeleton in zebrafish. These effects are particularly linked to disruptions in osteoclast differentiation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325006189Bisphenol FEarly hatchingHead skeletonToxicity mechanismZebrafish |
| spellingShingle | Biyu Wu Zirui Cheng Xiang Li Minxing Liang Xue Wang Duan Pi Jiayi Liu Huiling Li Jun Zhao Junjie Wang Fang Liang Xuegeng Wang The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Bisphenol F Early hatching Head skeleton Toxicity mechanism Zebrafish |
| title | The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae |
| title_full | The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae |
| title_fullStr | The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae |
| title_short | The developmental toxicity of bisphenol F exposure on the zebrafish larvae |
| title_sort | developmental toxicity of bisphenol f exposure on the zebrafish larvae |
| topic | Bisphenol F Early hatching Head skeleton Toxicity mechanism Zebrafish |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325006189 |
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