Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2020

Background The prevalence of kidney stones (KSs) has been increasing globally, and their association with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome suggests a shared underlying pathophysiology. However, the impact of different stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome on KS preval...

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Main Authors: Feng Shi, Dawei Wang, Guoliang Lu, Jinjun Tian, Ding-Guo Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-05-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/5/e096533.full
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author Feng Shi
Dawei Wang
Guoliang Lu
Jinjun Tian
Ding-Guo Zhang
author_facet Feng Shi
Dawei Wang
Guoliang Lu
Jinjun Tian
Ding-Guo Zhang
author_sort Feng Shi
collection DOAJ
description Background The prevalence of kidney stones (KSs) has been increasing globally, and their association with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome suggests a shared underlying pathophysiology. However, the impact of different stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome on KS prevalence remains unclear.Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between the stages of CKM syndrome and the prevalence of KS in a nationally representative sample of adults in the USA.Methods A total of 15 568 participants aged ≥20 years were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2020 fasting subsample. CKM syndrome stages (0–4) were defined based on the 2023 American Heart Association Presidential Advisory on CKM Health. The KS history was determined using self-reported data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the CKM syndrome stage and KS prevalence.Results Of the 15 568 participants, 1501 (9.64%) reported a history of KS. The KS prevalence increased progressively with advancing CKM stage, rising from 5.10% in stage 0 to 16.55% in stage 4 (p<0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the ORs for KS were 1.18 (95% CI 0.83–1.68) for stage 1, 1.72 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.32) for stage 2, 2.00 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.10) for stage 3 and 2.36 (95% CI 1.64 to 3.40) for stage 4, compared with stage 0 (P for trend <0.001). Stratified analyses revealed no significant interactions between age, sex, race/ethnicity or other subgroups.Conclusion This study demonstrated a significant stepwise increase in KS prevalence with the advancing stages of CKM syndrome. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and managing CKM syndromes to mitigate the risks of KS.
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spelling doaj-art-c5f0fe07b92d477abac5542eef4aad762025-08-20T02:30:38ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-05-0115510.1136/bmjopen-2024-096533Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2020Feng Shi0Dawei Wang1Guoliang Lu2Jinjun Tian3Ding-Guo Zhang4Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area people’s Hospital, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, ChinaBackground The prevalence of kidney stones (KSs) has been increasing globally, and their association with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome suggests a shared underlying pathophysiology. However, the impact of different stages of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome on KS prevalence remains unclear.Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between the stages of CKM syndrome and the prevalence of KS in a nationally representative sample of adults in the USA.Methods A total of 15 568 participants aged ≥20 years were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2020 fasting subsample. CKM syndrome stages (0–4) were defined based on the 2023 American Heart Association Presidential Advisory on CKM Health. The KS history was determined using self-reported data. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the CKM syndrome stage and KS prevalence.Results Of the 15 568 participants, 1501 (9.64%) reported a history of KS. The KS prevalence increased progressively with advancing CKM stage, rising from 5.10% in stage 0 to 16.55% in stage 4 (p<0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the ORs for KS were 1.18 (95% CI 0.83–1.68) for stage 1, 1.72 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.32) for stage 2, 2.00 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.10) for stage 3 and 2.36 (95% CI 1.64 to 3.40) for stage 4, compared with stage 0 (P for trend <0.001). Stratified analyses revealed no significant interactions between age, sex, race/ethnicity or other subgroups.Conclusion This study demonstrated a significant stepwise increase in KS prevalence with the advancing stages of CKM syndrome. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and managing CKM syndromes to mitigate the risks of KS.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/5/e096533.full
spellingShingle Feng Shi
Dawei Wang
Guoliang Lu
Jinjun Tian
Ding-Guo Zhang
Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2020
BMJ Open
title Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2020
title_full Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2020
title_fullStr Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2020
title_full_unstemmed Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2020
title_short Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007–2020
title_sort association of cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome stages with kidney stone prevalence a population based analysis of nhanes 2007 2020
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/5/e096533.full
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