Dry Eye Cross-Sectional Study – Philippines: Comparison with the Asia Dry Eye Society Criteria and OCULUS Keratograph 5M Findings
Objective: This study compared the proportion of dry eye disease (DED) diagnosed using the Philippine criteria with that diagnosed using the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) criteria among participants, and characterized DED features using clinical tests and the OCULUS Keratograph® 5M (K5M; OCULUS Optikg...
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Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology |
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| Online Access: | https://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/535 |
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| author | Ruben Lim Bon Siong, MD Bobbie Marie Santos, MD Keshia Duyongco-Lenon, MD Jessica Marie Abaño, MD Reynaldo Santos, MD Ivo John Dualan, MD |
| author_facet | Ruben Lim Bon Siong, MD Bobbie Marie Santos, MD Keshia Duyongco-Lenon, MD Jessica Marie Abaño, MD Reynaldo Santos, MD Ivo John Dualan, MD |
| author_sort | Ruben Lim Bon Siong, MD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: This study compared the proportion of dry eye disease (DED) diagnosed using the Philippine criteria with that diagnosed using the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) criteria among participants, and characterized DED features using clinical tests and the OCULUS Keratograph® 5M (K5M; OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).
Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included participants with and without DED. Participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent fluorescein tear breakup time (FTBUT) measurement, fluorescein staining of the cornea, lissamine green staining of the conjunctiva, Schirmer 1 test without anesthesia, and basal tear secretion test (BST). The OCULUS K5M was used to measure noninvasive tear breakup time (NIKBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH), and to perform meibography.
Results: The analysis included 344 eyes from 172 patients with DED and 44 eyes from 22 normal participants. Patients with DED were mostly female (66.3%). Compared to normal participants, patients with DED were older (42.7 ± 14.6 years) and had higher OSDI scores (28.6 ± 21.0). Among those diagnosed with DED using the Philippine criteria, 53.2% met the ADES criteria. Evaporative DED was the predominant type (53.2%). DED eyes had lower FTBUT (5.0 ± 3.3 seconds) and NIKBUT (12.3 ± 5.9 seconds) than controls (p <0.001). The correlation between FTBUT and NIKBUT was weak in the overall sample (r = 0.27, p < 0.001). The DED group also had a lower BST value (12.7 ± 9.8 mm) than the control group (p <0.001), while TMH (0.29 ± 0.15 mm) of the DED group did not differ from that of the control group (p = 0.421). BST and TMH also showed weak correlation (r = 0.21, p <0.001).
Conclusion: There were disparities between the Philippine and ADES criteria for DED diagnosis and differences in tear measurements using clinical tests and the OCULUS Keratograph, indicating the need to harmonize diagnostic standards |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5ec9c1f3601486e9b5cd229b1095507 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0031-7659 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5ec9c1f3601486e9b5cd229b10955072025-08-20T03:11:36ZengPhilippine Academy of OphthalmologyPhilippine Journal of Ophthalmology0031-76592025-06-015011825535Dry Eye Cross-Sectional Study – Philippines: Comparison with the Asia Dry Eye Society Criteria and OCULUS Keratograph 5M FindingsRuben Lim Bon Siong, MD0Bobbie Marie Santos, MD1Keshia Duyongco-Lenon, MD2Jessica Marie Abaño, MD3Reynaldo Santos, MD4Ivo John Dualan, MD5Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines; Eye Institute, St. Luke’s Medical Center-Quezon City, PhilippinesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, PhilippinesEye and Vision Institute, The Medical City, Pasig City, PhilippinesEye Institute, St. Luke’s Medical Center-Quezon City, Philippines; Eye Institute, University of the Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines; Department of Health Eye Center, East Avenue Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines Eye and Vision Institute, The Medical City, Pasig City, Philippines; Department of Health Eye Center, East Avenue Medical Center, Quezon City, PhilippinesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines; Eye and Vision Institute, The Medical City, Pasig City, PhilippinesObjective: This study compared the proportion of dry eye disease (DED) diagnosed using the Philippine criteria with that diagnosed using the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) criteria among participants, and characterized DED features using clinical tests and the OCULUS Keratograph® 5M (K5M; OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included participants with and without DED. Participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent fluorescein tear breakup time (FTBUT) measurement, fluorescein staining of the cornea, lissamine green staining of the conjunctiva, Schirmer 1 test without anesthesia, and basal tear secretion test (BST). The OCULUS K5M was used to measure noninvasive tear breakup time (NIKBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH), and to perform meibography. Results: The analysis included 344 eyes from 172 patients with DED and 44 eyes from 22 normal participants. Patients with DED were mostly female (66.3%). Compared to normal participants, patients with DED were older (42.7 ± 14.6 years) and had higher OSDI scores (28.6 ± 21.0). Among those diagnosed with DED using the Philippine criteria, 53.2% met the ADES criteria. Evaporative DED was the predominant type (53.2%). DED eyes had lower FTBUT (5.0 ± 3.3 seconds) and NIKBUT (12.3 ± 5.9 seconds) than controls (p <0.001). The correlation between FTBUT and NIKBUT was weak in the overall sample (r = 0.27, p < 0.001). The DED group also had a lower BST value (12.7 ± 9.8 mm) than the control group (p <0.001), while TMH (0.29 ± 0.15 mm) of the DED group did not differ from that of the control group (p = 0.421). BST and TMH also showed weak correlation (r = 0.21, p <0.001). Conclusion: There were disparities between the Philippine and ADES criteria for DED diagnosis and differences in tear measurements using clinical tests and the OCULUS Keratograph, indicating the need to harmonize diagnostic standardshttps://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/535dry eye diseaseasia dry eye societyades criteriakeratographphilippine dry eye criteria |
| spellingShingle | Ruben Lim Bon Siong, MD Bobbie Marie Santos, MD Keshia Duyongco-Lenon, MD Jessica Marie Abaño, MD Reynaldo Santos, MD Ivo John Dualan, MD Dry Eye Cross-Sectional Study – Philippines: Comparison with the Asia Dry Eye Society Criteria and OCULUS Keratograph 5M Findings Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology dry eye disease asia dry eye society ades criteria keratograph philippine dry eye criteria |
| title | Dry Eye Cross-Sectional Study – Philippines: Comparison with the Asia Dry Eye Society Criteria and OCULUS Keratograph 5M Findings |
| title_full | Dry Eye Cross-Sectional Study – Philippines: Comparison with the Asia Dry Eye Society Criteria and OCULUS Keratograph 5M Findings |
| title_fullStr | Dry Eye Cross-Sectional Study – Philippines: Comparison with the Asia Dry Eye Society Criteria and OCULUS Keratograph 5M Findings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dry Eye Cross-Sectional Study – Philippines: Comparison with the Asia Dry Eye Society Criteria and OCULUS Keratograph 5M Findings |
| title_short | Dry Eye Cross-Sectional Study – Philippines: Comparison with the Asia Dry Eye Society Criteria and OCULUS Keratograph 5M Findings |
| title_sort | dry eye cross sectional study philippines comparison with the asia dry eye society criteria and oculus keratograph 5m findings |
| topic | dry eye disease asia dry eye society ades criteria keratograph philippine dry eye criteria |
| url | https://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/535 |
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