A comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin-derived biomaterials: from lignin structure to biomedical application

Abstract Inspired by natural organisms, biomimetic materials with exceptional biocompatibility, degradability, and multifunctionality have emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications. Lignin, a plant-derived organic polymer, has gained attention due to its intrinsic antioxidant activ...

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Main Authors: Jixiang Zhao, Minyu Zhu, Wei Jin, Jinlan Zhang, Guangyu Fan, Yifan Feng, Zhuo Li, Siming Wang, Jung Seung Lee, Guangxiang Luan, Zhengqi Dong, Ying Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03604-7
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author Jixiang Zhao
Minyu Zhu
Wei Jin
Jinlan Zhang
Guangyu Fan
Yifan Feng
Zhuo Li
Siming Wang
Jung Seung Lee
Guangxiang Luan
Zhengqi Dong
Ying Li
author_facet Jixiang Zhao
Minyu Zhu
Wei Jin
Jinlan Zhang
Guangyu Fan
Yifan Feng
Zhuo Li
Siming Wang
Jung Seung Lee
Guangxiang Luan
Zhengqi Dong
Ying Li
author_sort Jixiang Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Inspired by natural organisms, biomimetic materials with exceptional biocompatibility, degradability, and multifunctionality have emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications. Lignin, a plant-derived organic polymer, has gained attention due to its intrinsic antioxidant activity, adhesive properties, and biocompatibility. Despite its structural advantages, challenges in stability, biodegradability, and practical implementation hinder its utilization. Structural modifications through chemical/physical treatments or microbial/enzymatic can optimize lignin’s bioactivity, mechanical strength, and adhesion, enabling applications in drug delivery, Ultraviolet (UV) shielding, sensing, and wound healing. This review outlines lignin sources, modification principles, and adhesion of biomaterials mechanisms, while showcasing innovative lignin-based materials in biomedical contexts. We highlight their roles in therapeutic delivery systems, tissue engineering & regenerative medicine, and functional biomedical devices, emphasizing lignin’s low toxicity and environmental adaptability. By addressing current limitations in processing techniques and clinical translation, we discuss lignin’s potential to bridge laboratory research and practical medical solutions. The analysis concludes with an evaluation of lignin’s untapped value in sustainable biomedicine, proposing strategies to overcome scalability and standardization barriers. This synthesis provides critical insights for advancing lignin-based technologies toward clinical implementation while maintaining ecological sustainability.
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spelling doaj-art-c5ea5bcda92e415b88ff55367f99ec932025-08-20T03:46:27ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-07-0123113910.1186/s12951-025-03604-7A comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin-derived biomaterials: from lignin structure to biomedical applicationJixiang Zhao0Minyu Zhu1Wei Jin2Jinlan Zhang3Guangyu Fan4Yifan Feng5Zhuo Li6Siming Wang7Jung Seung Lee8Guangxiang Luan9Zhengqi Dong10Ying Li11Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qinghai UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qinghai UniversityState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeState Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeNortheast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qinghai UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qinghai UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Medical College, Qinghai UniversityAbstract Inspired by natural organisms, biomimetic materials with exceptional biocompatibility, degradability, and multifunctionality have emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications. Lignin, a plant-derived organic polymer, has gained attention due to its intrinsic antioxidant activity, adhesive properties, and biocompatibility. Despite its structural advantages, challenges in stability, biodegradability, and practical implementation hinder its utilization. Structural modifications through chemical/physical treatments or microbial/enzymatic can optimize lignin’s bioactivity, mechanical strength, and adhesion, enabling applications in drug delivery, Ultraviolet (UV) shielding, sensing, and wound healing. This review outlines lignin sources, modification principles, and adhesion of biomaterials mechanisms, while showcasing innovative lignin-based materials in biomedical contexts. We highlight their roles in therapeutic delivery systems, tissue engineering & regenerative medicine, and functional biomedical devices, emphasizing lignin’s low toxicity and environmental adaptability. By addressing current limitations in processing techniques and clinical translation, we discuss lignin’s potential to bridge laboratory research and practical medical solutions. The analysis concludes with an evaluation of lignin’s untapped value in sustainable biomedicine, proposing strategies to overcome scalability and standardization barriers. This synthesis provides critical insights for advancing lignin-based technologies toward clinical implementation while maintaining ecological sustainability.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03604-7
spellingShingle Jixiang Zhao
Minyu Zhu
Wei Jin
Jinlan Zhang
Guangyu Fan
Yifan Feng
Zhuo Li
Siming Wang
Jung Seung Lee
Guangxiang Luan
Zhengqi Dong
Ying Li
A comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin-derived biomaterials: from lignin structure to biomedical application
Journal of Nanobiotechnology
title A comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin-derived biomaterials: from lignin structure to biomedical application
title_full A comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin-derived biomaterials: from lignin structure to biomedical application
title_fullStr A comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin-derived biomaterials: from lignin structure to biomedical application
title_full_unstemmed A comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin-derived biomaterials: from lignin structure to biomedical application
title_short A comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin-derived biomaterials: from lignin structure to biomedical application
title_sort comprehensive review of unlocking the potential of lignin derived biomaterials from lignin structure to biomedical application
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03604-7
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