Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in Filipinos

Objective: This study determined the risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among Filipinos. Methods: This is a case-control study of POAG cases and controls recruited from the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH). All underwent a comprehensive eye examin...

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Main Authors: Patricia M. Khu, MD, MS, Edgardo U. Dorotheo, MD, Ma. Margarita L. Lat-Luna, MD, Antonina T. Sta Romana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology 2005-12-01
Series:Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/373
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author Patricia M. Khu, MD, MS
Edgardo U. Dorotheo, MD
Ma. Margarita L. Lat-Luna, MD
Antonina T. Sta Romana
author_facet Patricia M. Khu, MD, MS
Edgardo U. Dorotheo, MD
Ma. Margarita L. Lat-Luna, MD
Antonina T. Sta Romana
author_sort Patricia M. Khu, MD, MS
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This study determined the risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among Filipinos. Methods: This is a case-control study of POAG cases and controls recruited from the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH). All underwent a comprehensive eye examination consisting of best-corrected visual acuity, applanation tonometry, slitlamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, fundus evaluation, automated perimetry, optic-disc photography, and a standardized questionnaire interview of medical history and family history of glaucoma and other systemic diseases. Visual-field results and optic-disc photos were graded by 2 glaucoma experts as to the presence or absence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Risk factors studied were subjected to multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 365 participants (164 males, 201 females), mean age of 58.7 years, were subdivided into 193 controls (no glaucoma) and 172 POAG cases. The participants with glaucoma were older, had poorer visual acuity, larger optic cupping, and worse global indices in the visual field. Those 60 years and over had an increased risk of POAG. There was a threefold increased association with POAG for each unit decrease in visual acuity. Enlarged vertical cupping of the optic disc (0.7 or greater) showed 5 times increased risk of developing POAG. There was a 29% and 45% increased risk for POAG for every decibel increase in mean defect and pattern standard deviation respectively. Of the systemic diseases studied, including family history of major medical conditions, only family history of hypertension was strongly associated with POAG, with 2.5 odds of increased association with glaucoma. Conclusion: The causes of POAG are multiple and complex. Older age, poorer visual acuity, large vertical disc cupping, worse visual-field global indices, and family history of hypertension were associated with POAG in this study
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spelling doaj-art-c5d975753f6c4f9e808e1f592ab53bdd2025-08-20T02:40:52ZengPhilippine Academy of OphthalmologyPhilippine Journal of Ophthalmology0031-76592005-12-01304153160373Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in FilipinosPatricia M. Khu, MD, MS0Edgardo U. Dorotheo, MD1Ma. Margarita L. Lat-Luna, MD2Antonina T. Sta Romana3Institute of Ophthalmology University of the Philippines-National Institutes of Health Manila, Philippines; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital Manila, Philippines; Department of Ophthalmology Cardinal Santos Medical Center San Juan, Metro Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital Manila, Philippines; St Luke’s International Eye Center St Luke’s Medical Center Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Ophthalmology Far Eastern University-Nicanor Reyes Memorial Foundation Manila, PhilippinesInstitute of Ophthalmology University of the Philippines-National Institutes of Health Manila, PhilippinesObjective: This study determined the risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among Filipinos. Methods: This is a case-control study of POAG cases and controls recruited from the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH). All underwent a comprehensive eye examination consisting of best-corrected visual acuity, applanation tonometry, slitlamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, fundus evaluation, automated perimetry, optic-disc photography, and a standardized questionnaire interview of medical history and family history of glaucoma and other systemic diseases. Visual-field results and optic-disc photos were graded by 2 glaucoma experts as to the presence or absence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Risk factors studied were subjected to multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 365 participants (164 males, 201 females), mean age of 58.7 years, were subdivided into 193 controls (no glaucoma) and 172 POAG cases. The participants with glaucoma were older, had poorer visual acuity, larger optic cupping, and worse global indices in the visual field. Those 60 years and over had an increased risk of POAG. There was a threefold increased association with POAG for each unit decrease in visual acuity. Enlarged vertical cupping of the optic disc (0.7 or greater) showed 5 times increased risk of developing POAG. There was a 29% and 45% increased risk for POAG for every decibel increase in mean defect and pattern standard deviation respectively. Of the systemic diseases studied, including family history of major medical conditions, only family history of hypertension was strongly associated with POAG, with 2.5 odds of increased association with glaucoma. Conclusion: The causes of POAG are multiple and complex. Older age, poorer visual acuity, large vertical disc cupping, worse visual-field global indices, and family history of hypertension were associated with POAG in this studyhttps://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/373primary open-angle glaucomarisk factorsoptic-disc cuppingvisual fieldvisual acuity
spellingShingle Patricia M. Khu, MD, MS
Edgardo U. Dorotheo, MD
Ma. Margarita L. Lat-Luna, MD
Antonina T. Sta Romana
Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in Filipinos
Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology
primary open-angle glaucoma
risk factors
optic-disc cupping
visual field
visual acuity
title Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in Filipinos
title_full Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in Filipinos
title_fullStr Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in Filipinos
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in Filipinos
title_short Risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma in Filipinos
title_sort risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma in filipinos
topic primary open-angle glaucoma
risk factors
optic-disc cupping
visual field
visual acuity
url https://paojournal.com/index.php/pjo/article/view/373
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