Identification and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Peptide Fractions from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Proteins of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>
Microalgae are a promising source of bioactive compounds, particularly proteins and peptides, with potential applications in skin health and the cosmetic industry. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-aging properties of peptide fractions derived from <i>Spirulina platensis</i&g...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/4/162 |
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| author | Baran Masoumifeshani Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari Ignacio Sottorff Max Crüsemann Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam |
| author_facet | Baran Masoumifeshani Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari Ignacio Sottorff Max Crüsemann Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam |
| author_sort | Baran Masoumifeshani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microalgae are a promising source of bioactive compounds, particularly proteins and peptides, with potential applications in skin health and the cosmetic industry. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-aging properties of peptide fractions derived from <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>. Both microalgae were cultivated, and their proteins were subsequently extracted, enzymatically hydrolyzed with alcalase, and fractionated through ultrafiltration. Alkaline extraction yielded 82% protein from <i>S. platensis</i> and 72% from <i>C. vulgaris</i>. Enzymatic hydrolysis predominantly yielded <3 kDa peptides, which exhibited strong antioxidant activity reaching 78% for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazol (DPPH), 82% for 2,2′-azinobis-3-etilbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and 74% for ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), with IC<sub>50</sub> values as low as 23.44 µg/mL for ABTS inhibition in <i>C. vulgaris</i>. These peptides also significantly inhibited skin-aging enzymes, showing 84% inhibition of elastase, 90% of collagenase, and 66% of tyrosinase. Mass spectrometry and GNPS molecular networking of the <3 kDa fraction identified several di- and tri-peptides, including Lys-Val, Val-Arg, His-Ile, Lys-Leu, Ile-Leu, and Leu-Phe, Tyr-Phe, and Leu-Gly-Leu, potentially contributing to these bioactivities. These findings suggest that the enzymatic hydrolysis of <i>S. platensis</i> and <i>C. vulgaris</i> proteins provides a sustainable and natural source of bioactive peptides for antioxidant and anti-aging applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5c5cdf485fb43ed8134d4a2c294b01f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5c5cdf485fb43ed8134d4a2c294b01f2025-08-20T03:13:55ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972025-04-0123416210.3390/md23040162Identification and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Peptide Fractions from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Proteins of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>Baran Masoumifeshani0Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari1Ignacio Sottorff2Max Crüsemann3Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam4Aquaculture Department, Natural Resources and Marine Science Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489 Noor, Mazandaran, IranAquaculture Department, Natural Resources and Marine Science Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, 46417-76489 Noor, Mazandaran, IranInstitute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, GermanyInstitute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, GermanyInstitute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyMicroalgae are a promising source of bioactive compounds, particularly proteins and peptides, with potential applications in skin health and the cosmetic industry. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-aging properties of peptide fractions derived from <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>. Both microalgae were cultivated, and their proteins were subsequently extracted, enzymatically hydrolyzed with alcalase, and fractionated through ultrafiltration. Alkaline extraction yielded 82% protein from <i>S. platensis</i> and 72% from <i>C. vulgaris</i>. Enzymatic hydrolysis predominantly yielded <3 kDa peptides, which exhibited strong antioxidant activity reaching 78% for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazol (DPPH), 82% for 2,2′-azinobis-3-etilbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and 74% for ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), with IC<sub>50</sub> values as low as 23.44 µg/mL for ABTS inhibition in <i>C. vulgaris</i>. These peptides also significantly inhibited skin-aging enzymes, showing 84% inhibition of elastase, 90% of collagenase, and 66% of tyrosinase. Mass spectrometry and GNPS molecular networking of the <3 kDa fraction identified several di- and tri-peptides, including Lys-Val, Val-Arg, His-Ile, Lys-Leu, Ile-Leu, and Leu-Phe, Tyr-Phe, and Leu-Gly-Leu, potentially contributing to these bioactivities. These findings suggest that the enzymatic hydrolysis of <i>S. platensis</i> and <i>C. vulgaris</i> proteins provides a sustainable and natural source of bioactive peptides for antioxidant and anti-aging applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/4/162antioxidant activitybioactive peptidesanti-aging functionenzymatic hydrolysis<i>Spirulina platensis</i><i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> |
| spellingShingle | Baran Masoumifeshani Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari Ignacio Sottorff Max Crüsemann Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam Identification and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Peptide Fractions from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Proteins of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> Marine Drugs antioxidant activity bioactive peptides anti-aging function enzymatic hydrolysis <i>Spirulina platensis</i> <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> |
| title | Identification and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Peptide Fractions from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Proteins of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> |
| title_full | Identification and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Peptide Fractions from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Proteins of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Peptide Fractions from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Proteins of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Peptide Fractions from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Proteins of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> |
| title_short | Identification and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Peptide Fractions from Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Proteins of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> |
| title_sort | identification and evaluation of antioxidant and anti aging peptide fractions from enzymatically hydrolyzed proteins of i spirulina platensis i and i chlorella vulgaris i |
| topic | antioxidant activity bioactive peptides anti-aging function enzymatic hydrolysis <i>Spirulina platensis</i> <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/23/4/162 |
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