DNA metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations: Renshen Jianpi Wan as a critical case study

ObjectivesEnsuring quality and authenticity of traditional medicines is crucial, particularly for multi-ingredient formulations like commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations (CCPPs). This study aims to authenticate Renshen Jianpi Wan (RSJPW), a classical CCPP composed of 11 prescribed botanical dr...

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Main Authors: Shilin Zhou, Ting Zhou, Yanmei Zhang, Bingqian Yang, Junmei Niu, Weixian Li, Yiyi Weitu, Faming Long, Zhenwen Liu, Jing Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1584065/full
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author Shilin Zhou
Ting Zhou
Yanmei Zhang
Bingqian Yang
Junmei Niu
Weixian Li
Yiyi Weitu
Faming Long
Zhenwen Liu
Zhenwen Liu
Zhenwen Liu
Jing Zhou
Jing Zhou
author_facet Shilin Zhou
Ting Zhou
Yanmei Zhang
Bingqian Yang
Junmei Niu
Weixian Li
Yiyi Weitu
Faming Long
Zhenwen Liu
Zhenwen Liu
Zhenwen Liu
Jing Zhou
Jing Zhou
author_sort Shilin Zhou
collection DOAJ
description ObjectivesEnsuring quality and authenticity of traditional medicines is crucial, particularly for multi-ingredient formulations like commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations (CCPPs). This study aims to authenticate Renshen Jianpi Wan (RSJPW), a classical CCPP composed of 11 prescribed botanical drugs, using DNA metabarcoding to overcome challenges in species-level identification of processed biological ingredients.MethodsWe analyzed 56 commercial RSJPW products from different manufacturers and production batches, alongside eight laboratory-prepared reference samples serving as authentic controls. A dual-marker protocol combining ITS2 and psbA-trnH regions was employed, with optimized DNA extraction and PCR protocols to mitigate degradation issues.ResultsDetection rates varied across samples, with the highest detection being 10 out of 11 prescribed ingredients in a single sample. The key fungal ingredient Poria cocos (茯苓) was consistently undetectable, likely due to DNA degradation during processing and challenges in extracting fungal DNA from complex matrices. Multiple high-abundance non-prescribed species from Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, and other families were frequently detected as potential contaminants.ConclusionsThis study establishes a systematic framework for molecular authentication of complex herbal formulations, providing technical support for reliable identification of botanical drugs. While DNA metabarcoding offers valuable insights into CCPP composition, authentication of heavily processed ingredients remains a significant technical limitation. The integration with complementary analytical methods such as metabolomics could provide more comprehensive quality assessment in future studies, demonstrating the necessity of multi-analytical approaches in ensuring the authenticity of traditional medicine.
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spelling doaj-art-c5bde066c0274ceb89e4a55dfd2a373a2025-08-20T02:19:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-04-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15840651584065DNA metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations: Renshen Jianpi Wan as a critical case studyShilin Zhou0Ting Zhou1Yanmei Zhang2Bingqian Yang3Junmei Niu4Weixian Li5Yiyi Weitu6Faming Long7Zhenwen Liu8Zhenwen Liu9Zhenwen Liu10Jing Zhou11Jing Zhou12School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaYunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, ChinaGaoligong Mountain, Forest Ecosystem, Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaYunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming, ChinaSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaCollege of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaObjectivesEnsuring quality and authenticity of traditional medicines is crucial, particularly for multi-ingredient formulations like commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations (CCPPs). This study aims to authenticate Renshen Jianpi Wan (RSJPW), a classical CCPP composed of 11 prescribed botanical drugs, using DNA metabarcoding to overcome challenges in species-level identification of processed biological ingredients.MethodsWe analyzed 56 commercial RSJPW products from different manufacturers and production batches, alongside eight laboratory-prepared reference samples serving as authentic controls. A dual-marker protocol combining ITS2 and psbA-trnH regions was employed, with optimized DNA extraction and PCR protocols to mitigate degradation issues.ResultsDetection rates varied across samples, with the highest detection being 10 out of 11 prescribed ingredients in a single sample. The key fungal ingredient Poria cocos (茯苓) was consistently undetectable, likely due to DNA degradation during processing and challenges in extracting fungal DNA from complex matrices. Multiple high-abundance non-prescribed species from Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, and other families were frequently detected as potential contaminants.ConclusionsThis study establishes a systematic framework for molecular authentication of complex herbal formulations, providing technical support for reliable identification of botanical drugs. While DNA metabarcoding offers valuable insights into CCPP composition, authentication of heavily processed ingredients remains a significant technical limitation. The integration with complementary analytical methods such as metabolomics could provide more comprehensive quality assessment in future studies, demonstrating the necessity of multi-analytical approaches in ensuring the authenticity of traditional medicine.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1584065/fullcommercial Chinese polyherbal preparationsDNA metabarcodingITS2PSBA-TRNHquality control
spellingShingle Shilin Zhou
Ting Zhou
Yanmei Zhang
Bingqian Yang
Junmei Niu
Weixian Li
Yiyi Weitu
Faming Long
Zhenwen Liu
Zhenwen Liu
Zhenwen Liu
Jing Zhou
Jing Zhou
DNA metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations: Renshen Jianpi Wan as a critical case study
Frontiers in Pharmacology
commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations
DNA metabarcoding
ITS2
PSBA-TRNH
quality control
title DNA metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations: Renshen Jianpi Wan as a critical case study
title_full DNA metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations: Renshen Jianpi Wan as a critical case study
title_fullStr DNA metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations: Renshen Jianpi Wan as a critical case study
title_full_unstemmed DNA metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations: Renshen Jianpi Wan as a critical case study
title_short DNA metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations: Renshen Jianpi Wan as a critical case study
title_sort dna metabarcoding unveils authenticity and adulteration in commercial chinese polyherbal preparations renshen jianpi wan as a critical case study
topic commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations
DNA metabarcoding
ITS2
PSBA-TRNH
quality control
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1584065/full
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