Prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances: a five-year follow-up study

Abstract Background Sleep disturbances are commonly reported in working populations. While research has identified various work-related risk factors for poor sleep, the relationship between prior occupational physical activity (OPA) and future sleep disturbances remains unclear. The study aimed to e...

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Main Authors: Yun-Han Wang, Chien-Fong Huang, Li-Jung Chen, Po-Wen Ku, Emmanuel Stamatakis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23684-2
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author Yun-Han Wang
Chien-Fong Huang
Li-Jung Chen
Po-Wen Ku
Emmanuel Stamatakis
author_facet Yun-Han Wang
Chien-Fong Huang
Li-Jung Chen
Po-Wen Ku
Emmanuel Stamatakis
author_sort Yun-Han Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Sleep disturbances are commonly reported in working populations. While research has identified various work-related risk factors for poor sleep, the relationship between prior occupational physical activity (OPA) and future sleep disturbances remains unclear. The study aimed to examine the prospective associations between OPA levels and sleep disturbances in adults. Methods We utilized longitudinal data from the MJ cohort study (1998 to 2022). The sample (N = 62528) consisted of adults aged 18 years or above. The mean age (in years) was 35.9 (SD = 9.5), and they were working full-time and reported no sleep disturbances at baseline. We examined the prospective associations between self-reported OPA levels (light, moderate, moderately heavy, and heavy) at baseline, and the presence of sleep disturbances at a mean follow-up time of 5.6 years (SD = 4.5). Cox proportional hazard models were conducted, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results Using light OPA level as the reference group, individuals with moderately heavy OPA (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.19, p < 0.001) and heavy OPA (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.34, p < 0.001) at baseline had a higher risk of sleep disturbances at follow-up. Stratified analyses showed that the association between higher levels of OPA and sleep disturbances remained across different subgroups. Notably, these associations were more pronounced among females (p interaction = 0.008), for moderately heavy OPA (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.35, p < 0.001) and heavy OPA (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.91, p = 0.009). These associations were also more pronounced in certain occupational groups (p interaction = 0.003), where only heavy OPA was significantly associated with an elevated risk of sleep disturbances among civil servants (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.55, p = 0.020) and office workers, professionals and technicians (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.05, p = 0.010). Conclusions Higher OPA levels were associated with an increased risk of sleep disturbances. Workplace support or interventions are in need to improve sleep patterns.
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spelling doaj-art-c5bbfbc221a34ad0a26039ae53216f422025-08-20T03:06:39ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-07-0125111310.1186/s12889-025-23684-2Prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances: a five-year follow-up studyYun-Han Wang0Chien-Fong Huang1Li-Jung Chen2Po-Wen Ku3Emmanuel Stamatakis4Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing UniversityGraduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing UniversityDepartment of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of SportGraduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing UniversitySydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of SydneyAbstract Background Sleep disturbances are commonly reported in working populations. While research has identified various work-related risk factors for poor sleep, the relationship between prior occupational physical activity (OPA) and future sleep disturbances remains unclear. The study aimed to examine the prospective associations between OPA levels and sleep disturbances in adults. Methods We utilized longitudinal data from the MJ cohort study (1998 to 2022). The sample (N = 62528) consisted of adults aged 18 years or above. The mean age (in years) was 35.9 (SD = 9.5), and they were working full-time and reported no sleep disturbances at baseline. We examined the prospective associations between self-reported OPA levels (light, moderate, moderately heavy, and heavy) at baseline, and the presence of sleep disturbances at a mean follow-up time of 5.6 years (SD = 4.5). Cox proportional hazard models were conducted, adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results Using light OPA level as the reference group, individuals with moderately heavy OPA (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.19, p < 0.001) and heavy OPA (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.34, p < 0.001) at baseline had a higher risk of sleep disturbances at follow-up. Stratified analyses showed that the association between higher levels of OPA and sleep disturbances remained across different subgroups. Notably, these associations were more pronounced among females (p interaction = 0.008), for moderately heavy OPA (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.35, p < 0.001) and heavy OPA (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.91, p = 0.009). These associations were also more pronounced in certain occupational groups (p interaction = 0.003), where only heavy OPA was significantly associated with an elevated risk of sleep disturbances among civil servants (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.55, p = 0.020) and office workers, professionals and technicians (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.05, p = 0.010). Conclusions Higher OPA levels were associated with an increased risk of sleep disturbances. Workplace support or interventions are in need to improve sleep patterns.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23684-2Sleep qualityInsomniaWork characteristicsWorking populationWork demands
spellingShingle Yun-Han Wang
Chien-Fong Huang
Li-Jung Chen
Po-Wen Ku
Emmanuel Stamatakis
Prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances: a five-year follow-up study
BMC Public Health
Sleep quality
Insomnia
Work characteristics
Working population
Work demands
title Prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances: a five-year follow-up study
title_full Prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances: a five-year follow-up study
title_fullStr Prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances: a five-year follow-up study
title_full_unstemmed Prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances: a five-year follow-up study
title_short Prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances: a five-year follow-up study
title_sort prospective associations between occupational physical activity level and sleep disturbances a five year follow up study
topic Sleep quality
Insomnia
Work characteristics
Working population
Work demands
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23684-2
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