The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter
Abstract By using a database of 4,634 cold patches (high density and low electron temperature) and 4,700 hot patches (high density and high electron temperature) from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 in 2005–2018 winter months (October–March), we present a statistical survey of the distr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098671 |
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| author | Duan Zhang Qing‐He Zhang Y.‐Z. Ma Kjellmar Oksavik L. R. Lyons Zan‐Yang Xing Marc Hairston Z.‐X. Deng J.‐J. Liu |
| author_facet | Duan Zhang Qing‐He Zhang Y.‐Z. Ma Kjellmar Oksavik L. R. Lyons Zan‐Yang Xing Marc Hairston Z.‐X. Deng J.‐J. Liu |
| author_sort | Duan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract By using a database of 4,634 cold patches (high density and low electron temperature) and 4,700 hot patches (high density and high electron temperature) from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 in 2005–2018 winter months (October–March), we present a statistical survey of the distributions of polar cap patches for different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations and ionospheric convection geometries. We investigate the dependence of cold and hot patches on local plasma transport and soft‐electron precipitation. Our results indicate that: in winter, (a) more cold and hot patches occur in the stronger anti‐sunward flow organized by different IMF orientations. (b) cold patches are frequent near the central polar cap, while hot patches are closer to the auroral oval. (c) enhanced anti‐sunward flow (E × B drift) mainly contributes to cold patch occurrence under Bz < 0, and soft‐electron precipitation contributes to hot patch occurrence both under southward and northward IMF. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5aed42125104c8d91263efe95fa42ac |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geophysical Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5aed42125104c8d91263efe95fa42ac2025-01-22T14:38:16ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072022-06-014912n/an/a10.1029/2022GL098671The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere WinterDuan Zhang0Qing‐He Zhang1Y.‐Z. Ma2Kjellmar Oksavik3L. R. Lyons4Zan‐Yang Xing5Marc Hairston6Z.‐X. Deng7J.‐J. Liu8Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai ChinaDepartment of Physics and Technology Birkeland Centre for Space Sciences University of Bergen Bergen NorwayDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California CA Los Angeles USAShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space Sciences Shandong University Weihai ChinaWilliam B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX USANational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation Qingdao ChinaPolar Research Institute of China Shanghai ChinaAbstract By using a database of 4,634 cold patches (high density and low electron temperature) and 4,700 hot patches (high density and high electron temperature) from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 in 2005–2018 winter months (October–March), we present a statistical survey of the distributions of polar cap patches for different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations and ionospheric convection geometries. We investigate the dependence of cold and hot patches on local plasma transport and soft‐electron precipitation. Our results indicate that: in winter, (a) more cold and hot patches occur in the stronger anti‐sunward flow organized by different IMF orientations. (b) cold patches are frequent near the central polar cap, while hot patches are closer to the auroral oval. (c) enhanced anti‐sunward flow (E × B drift) mainly contributes to cold patch occurrence under Bz < 0, and soft‐electron precipitation contributes to hot patch occurrence both under southward and northward IMF.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098671ionospherepolar cap patchplasma transportparticle precipitation |
| spellingShingle | Duan Zhang Qing‐He Zhang Y.‐Z. Ma Kjellmar Oksavik L. R. Lyons Zan‐Yang Xing Marc Hairston Z.‐X. Deng J.‐J. Liu The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter Geophysical Research Letters ionosphere polar cap patch plasma transport particle precipitation |
| title | The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter |
| title_full | The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter |
| title_fullStr | The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter |
| title_short | The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter |
| title_sort | dependence of cold and hot patches on local plasma transport and particle precipitation in northern hemisphere winter |
| topic | ionosphere polar cap patch plasma transport particle precipitation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098671 |
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