A mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in England

Abstract Background Food clubs are a higher-agency food aid intervention that charge a small fee for a set number of items. Some incorporate longer-term solutions such as budgeting support and cooking skills. These are in place in England to help address inadequate reliable access to affordable, nut...

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Main Authors: Nida Ziauddeen, Elizabeth Taylor, Nisreen A Alwan, Fran Richards, Barrie Margetts, Tim Lloyd, Marta Disegna, Naomi Mason, Ravita Taheem, Dianna Smith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22353-8
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author Nida Ziauddeen
Elizabeth Taylor
Nisreen A Alwan
Fran Richards
Barrie Margetts
Tim Lloyd
Marta Disegna
Naomi Mason
Ravita Taheem
Dianna Smith
author_facet Nida Ziauddeen
Elizabeth Taylor
Nisreen A Alwan
Fran Richards
Barrie Margetts
Tim Lloyd
Marta Disegna
Naomi Mason
Ravita Taheem
Dianna Smith
author_sort Nida Ziauddeen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Food clubs are a higher-agency food aid intervention that charge a small fee for a set number of items. Some incorporate longer-term solutions such as budgeting support and cooking skills. These are in place in England to help address inadequate reliable access to affordable, nutritious food. We used a convergent parallel mixed methods design to describe the food insecurity households accessing food clubs experience and to assess diet quality and wellbeing at the start and after at least three months of using food clubs in the South of England. Methods Participants accessing food clubs in Wessex from March 31 to November 3, 2022 were recruited after providing informed consent. They completed a survey at recruitment that collected data on diet and health. Food security was assessed using the modified six-item US Department of Agriculture (USDA) food security survey module, and wellbeing using the short form Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). Follow-up surveys were conducted after participants used the clubs for at least three months. Participants were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview. Results Of the 90 participants recruited at baseline, 52% were aged 35–54 years, 74% were female, 81% were of White ethnicity, and 71% reported having at least one dependent child. Food security status was calculated in 69 participants who answered all six questions of the USDA module, with 42% reporting low and 43% very low food security. Among participants with follow-up (n = 52), low food security was 41% and very low food security was 18% at follow-up. Eleven participants were interviewed. Two themes explored impact and experiences of food club. Impact illustrated how participants consumed a more varied diet, experienced less financial pressure, and improved health, wellbeing and social interaction. Experiences of food clubs explored limitations of time and food range at clubs, developing a sense of community and overcoming stigma. Conclusion This study is the first in the UK to explore potential diet, food security and wellbeing impacts of food clubs. Ongoing impact evaluation will enable optimisation of interventions for the populations they serve, such as inviting other organisations/groups to attend/be available for members.
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spelling doaj-art-c597f699d7bc4d9bbdf60681c338ae502025-08-20T03:40:44ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-03-0125111610.1186/s12889-025-22353-8A mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in EnglandNida Ziauddeen0Elizabeth Taylor1Nisreen A Alwan2Fran Richards3Barrie Margetts4Tim Lloyd5Marta Disegna6Naomi Mason7Ravita Taheem8Dianna Smith9School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonNIHR Applied Research Collaboration WessexSchool of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonPPI contributor, University of SouthamptonFaculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonBournemouth University Business SchoolDipartimento di Tecnica e Gestione dei Sistemi Industriali, Università degli Studi di PadovaPublic Health DorsetSouthampton City Council, Civic CentreNIHR Applied Research Collaboration WessexAbstract Background Food clubs are a higher-agency food aid intervention that charge a small fee for a set number of items. Some incorporate longer-term solutions such as budgeting support and cooking skills. These are in place in England to help address inadequate reliable access to affordable, nutritious food. We used a convergent parallel mixed methods design to describe the food insecurity households accessing food clubs experience and to assess diet quality and wellbeing at the start and after at least three months of using food clubs in the South of England. Methods Participants accessing food clubs in Wessex from March 31 to November 3, 2022 were recruited after providing informed consent. They completed a survey at recruitment that collected data on diet and health. Food security was assessed using the modified six-item US Department of Agriculture (USDA) food security survey module, and wellbeing using the short form Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS). Follow-up surveys were conducted after participants used the clubs for at least three months. Participants were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview. Results Of the 90 participants recruited at baseline, 52% were aged 35–54 years, 74% were female, 81% were of White ethnicity, and 71% reported having at least one dependent child. Food security status was calculated in 69 participants who answered all six questions of the USDA module, with 42% reporting low and 43% very low food security. Among participants with follow-up (n = 52), low food security was 41% and very low food security was 18% at follow-up. Eleven participants were interviewed. Two themes explored impact and experiences of food club. Impact illustrated how participants consumed a more varied diet, experienced less financial pressure, and improved health, wellbeing and social interaction. Experiences of food clubs explored limitations of time and food range at clubs, developing a sense of community and overcoming stigma. Conclusion This study is the first in the UK to explore potential diet, food security and wellbeing impacts of food clubs. Ongoing impact evaluation will enable optimisation of interventions for the populations they serve, such as inviting other organisations/groups to attend/be available for members.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22353-8Food insecurityDiet qualityWellbeingFood aid
spellingShingle Nida Ziauddeen
Elizabeth Taylor
Nisreen A Alwan
Fran Richards
Barrie Margetts
Tim Lloyd
Marta Disegna
Naomi Mason
Ravita Taheem
Dianna Smith
A mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in England
BMC Public Health
Food insecurity
Diet quality
Wellbeing
Food aid
title A mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in England
title_full A mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in England
title_fullStr A mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in England
title_full_unstemmed A mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in England
title_short A mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in England
title_sort mixed methods study exploring food insecurity and diet quality in households accessing food clubs in england
topic Food insecurity
Diet quality
Wellbeing
Food aid
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22353-8
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