Socioeconomic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks on Smallholder Cattle Farmers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) poses significant challenges to livestock management and agricultural economies worldwide. This study examines the effect of farmers’ sociodemographic factors on livestock infected with Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and analyzes its socioeconomic impact on smallholder far...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/542 |
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| author | Agung Triatmojo Budi Guntoro Péter Strausz Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul Muzayyanah Robi Agustiar Szilvia Kusza |
| author_facet | Agung Triatmojo Budi Guntoro Péter Strausz Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul Muzayyanah Robi Agustiar Szilvia Kusza |
| author_sort | Agung Triatmojo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) poses significant challenges to livestock management and agricultural economies worldwide. This study examines the effect of farmers’ sociodemographic factors on livestock infected with Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and analyzes its socioeconomic impact on smallholder farmers in Indonesia. This study collected data from 992 households (202 infected and 790 non-infected) in the special region of Yogyakarta province. The research used propensity score matching (PSM) treatment effect analysis to assess the socioeconomic impact of FMD outbreaks on smallholder farmers. Our results demonstrated that FMD significantly increased (<i>p </i>< 0.01) smallholder farmers’ social behavior, including knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). Furthermore, farmers whose animals are already infected with FMD must spend an additional IDR 258,000 to IDR 270,000 on treatment compared to non-infected ones. This study provides empirical evidence that farmer characteristics, including women’s decision-making, income, farming group, and cattle ownership, determine the likelihood of FMD infection, which implies that farmers with specific characteristics may heighten the risk of FMD infection. We concluded that FMD has changed social behavior and accelerated economic loss for smallholder farmers. Hence, farmers with animals at risk of FMD infection are prioritized in FMD control programs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5936ebc0ed14a4cb27b74c835f83437 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5936ebc0ed14a4cb27b74c835f834372025-08-20T03:26:53ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-06-0112654210.3390/vetsci12060542Socioeconomic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks on Smallholder Cattle Farmers in Yogyakarta, IndonesiaAgung Triatmojo0Budi Guntoro1Péter Strausz2Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul Muzayyanah3Robi Agustiar4Szilvia Kusza5Department of Livestock Socioeconomics, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Livestock Socioeconomics, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Management, Institute of Strategy and Management, Corvinus University of Budapest, 1093 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Livestock Socioeconomics, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Livestock Socioeconomics, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaCentre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryFoot and Mouth Disease (FMD) poses significant challenges to livestock management and agricultural economies worldwide. This study examines the effect of farmers’ sociodemographic factors on livestock infected with Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and analyzes its socioeconomic impact on smallholder farmers in Indonesia. This study collected data from 992 households (202 infected and 790 non-infected) in the special region of Yogyakarta province. The research used propensity score matching (PSM) treatment effect analysis to assess the socioeconomic impact of FMD outbreaks on smallholder farmers. Our results demonstrated that FMD significantly increased (<i>p </i>< 0.01) smallholder farmers’ social behavior, including knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP). Furthermore, farmers whose animals are already infected with FMD must spend an additional IDR 258,000 to IDR 270,000 on treatment compared to non-infected ones. This study provides empirical evidence that farmer characteristics, including women’s decision-making, income, farming group, and cattle ownership, determine the likelihood of FMD infection, which implies that farmers with specific characteristics may heighten the risk of FMD infection. We concluded that FMD has changed social behavior and accelerated economic loss for smallholder farmers. Hence, farmers with animals at risk of FMD infection are prioritized in FMD control programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/542foot and mouth diseaseKAPcattle farmertreatment cost |
| spellingShingle | Agung Triatmojo Budi Guntoro Péter Strausz Mujtahidah Anggriani Ummul Muzayyanah Robi Agustiar Szilvia Kusza Socioeconomic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks on Smallholder Cattle Farmers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Veterinary Sciences foot and mouth disease KAP cattle farmer treatment cost |
| title | Socioeconomic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks on Smallholder Cattle Farmers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| title_full | Socioeconomic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks on Smallholder Cattle Farmers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Socioeconomic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks on Smallholder Cattle Farmers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Socioeconomic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks on Smallholder Cattle Farmers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| title_short | Socioeconomic Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreaks on Smallholder Cattle Farmers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| title_sort | socioeconomic impact of foot and mouth disease outbreaks on smallholder cattle farmers in yogyakarta indonesia |
| topic | foot and mouth disease KAP cattle farmer treatment cost |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/6/542 |
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