The potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG (HAp-Col-EGCG) scaffold as a pulp regeneration material

Background: Hydrogel scaffold is a biomaterial that can facilitate cells in forming a tissue structure. It can promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Further research to find a new scaffold from natural resources is challenging, so this study aimed to characterize a hydrogel composite...

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Main Authors: Elline Elline, Kun Ismiyatin, Theresia Indah Budhy, Anuj Bhardwaj
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2022-12-01
Series:Saudi Dental Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905222001365
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author Elline Elline
Kun Ismiyatin
Theresia Indah Budhy
Anuj Bhardwaj
author_facet Elline Elline
Kun Ismiyatin
Theresia Indah Budhy
Anuj Bhardwaj
author_sort Elline Elline
collection DOAJ
description Background: Hydrogel scaffold is a biomaterial that can facilitate cells in forming a tissue structure. It can promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Further research to find a new scaffold from natural resources is challenging, so this study aimed to characterize a hydrogel composite scaffold, which has the potential to be used as a regenerative material. Methods: The formulation of HAp-Col-EGCG was mixed with different ratios of 1%, 2%, and 4% hydroxyapatite. We analyzed its injectability, pH, and gelation time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to evaluate the surface morphologies, element composition, and chemical properties of HAp-Col-EGCG. Results: The results showed that the injectability test was almost 90 % in all groups. There was no significant difference in the median value of the pH at 0, 20, and 60 min in all groups, but there was a significant difference at 40 min. The average gelation times in all groups were not significant. SEM-EDX showed a microporous scaffold, with the HAp particles well distributed in the collagen pores at a ratio of 1.9, 2.29, and 1.89 Ca/P. The FTIR results showed intermolecular bonds in the HAp-Col-EGCG scaffold. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that collagen and EGCG did not affect the crystal structure and size of HAp. Cytotoxicity test showed more dental pulp cell viability at the 4 % HAp concentration at 514.35 ± 15.45. Conclusion: This study indicates that hydrogel scaffold from eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG has a high potential for pulp regenerative therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-c547c31b56ae4183bbeb560c4aa8c0282025-08-20T02:02:32ZengSpringerSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522022-12-0134871572210.1016/j.sdentj.2022.10.004The potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG (HAp-Col-EGCG) scaffold as a pulp regeneration materialElline Elline0Kun Ismiyatin1Theresia Indah Budhy2Anuj Bhardwaj3Student of Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia; Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Kyai Tapa Grogol No 26, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine. Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia; Corresponding authors at: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Airlangga University, 60132 Surabaya, Indonesia (K. Ismiyatin)Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine. Universitas Airlangga, IndonesiaDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine. Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Rau, Indore, IndiaBackground: Hydrogel scaffold is a biomaterial that can facilitate cells in forming a tissue structure. It can promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Further research to find a new scaffold from natural resources is challenging, so this study aimed to characterize a hydrogel composite scaffold, which has the potential to be used as a regenerative material. Methods: The formulation of HAp-Col-EGCG was mixed with different ratios of 1%, 2%, and 4% hydroxyapatite. We analyzed its injectability, pH, and gelation time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to evaluate the surface morphologies, element composition, and chemical properties of HAp-Col-EGCG. Results: The results showed that the injectability test was almost 90 % in all groups. There was no significant difference in the median value of the pH at 0, 20, and 60 min in all groups, but there was a significant difference at 40 min. The average gelation times in all groups were not significant. SEM-EDX showed a microporous scaffold, with the HAp particles well distributed in the collagen pores at a ratio of 1.9, 2.29, and 1.89 Ca/P. The FTIR results showed intermolecular bonds in the HAp-Col-EGCG scaffold. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that collagen and EGCG did not affect the crystal structure and size of HAp. Cytotoxicity test showed more dental pulp cell viability at the 4 % HAp concentration at 514.35 ± 15.45. Conclusion: This study indicates that hydrogel scaffold from eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG has a high potential for pulp regenerative therapy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905222001365CharacterizationHydrogel scaffoldHAp-Col-EGCGPulp regeneration material
spellingShingle Elline Elline
Kun Ismiyatin
Theresia Indah Budhy
Anuj Bhardwaj
The potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG (HAp-Col-EGCG) scaffold as a pulp regeneration material
Saudi Dental Journal
Characterization
Hydrogel scaffold
HAp-Col-EGCG
Pulp regeneration material
title The potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG (HAp-Col-EGCG) scaffold as a pulp regeneration material
title_full The potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG (HAp-Col-EGCG) scaffold as a pulp regeneration material
title_fullStr The potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG (HAp-Col-EGCG) scaffold as a pulp regeneration material
title_full_unstemmed The potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG (HAp-Col-EGCG) scaffold as a pulp regeneration material
title_short The potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite, collagen, and EGCG (HAp-Col-EGCG) scaffold as a pulp regeneration material
title_sort potential of eggshell hydroxyapatite collagen and egcg hap col egcg scaffold as a pulp regeneration material
topic Characterization
Hydrogel scaffold
HAp-Col-EGCG
Pulp regeneration material
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905222001365
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