Cytokine Profile Analysis During Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM Strain Infection in Primary Mixed Microglia and Astrocyte Culture—Preliminary Research
The Coronaviridae family has again demonstrated the potential for significant neurological complications in humans during the recent pandemic. In patients, these symptoms persist throughout the infection, often lasting for months. The consequences of most of these post-infection symptoms might be li...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Michalina Bartak Weronika D. Krahel Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch Marcin Chodkowski Adrian Valentin Potârniche Ewa Długosz Małgorzata Krzyżowska Joanna Cymerys |
| author_facet | Michalina Bartak Weronika D. Krahel Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch Marcin Chodkowski Adrian Valentin Potârniche Ewa Długosz Małgorzata Krzyżowska Joanna Cymerys |
| author_sort | Michalina Bartak |
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| description | The Coronaviridae family has again demonstrated the potential for significant neurological complications in humans during the recent pandemic. In patients, these symptoms persist throughout the infection, often lasting for months. The consequences of most of these post-infection symptoms might be linked with abnormal cytokine production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression, resulting in neuron damage. We investigated the effect of infection with the Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) JHM strain and Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) on a primary microglia and astrocyte culture by analysing ROS production, cytokine and chemokine expression, and cell death during one month post infection. For this purpose, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and a high-throughput Luminex ProcartaPlex immunopanel for 48 cytokines and chemokines were utilised. The replication of MHV-JHM and SDAV in microglia and astrocytes has increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine expression induced by the two viruses differed, as did their detection after infection. SDAV infection resulted in a much broader cytokine response compared to that of MHV-JHM. Both viruses significantly increased ROS levels and induced apoptosis in a small percentage of the cells, but without necrosis. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c54752a45b874a058ba48536cedbef882025-08-20T02:24:47ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-04-0114963710.3390/cells14090637Cytokine Profile Analysis During Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM Strain Infection in Primary Mixed Microglia and Astrocyte Culture—Preliminary ResearchMichalina Bartak0Weronika D. Krahel1Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch2Marcin Chodkowski3Adrian Valentin Potârniche4Ewa Długosz5Małgorzata Krzyżowska6Joanna Cymerys7Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Medical and Environmental Microbiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-063 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDivision of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Medical and Environmental Microbiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-063 Warsaw, PolandDivision of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, PolandThe Coronaviridae family has again demonstrated the potential for significant neurological complications in humans during the recent pandemic. In patients, these symptoms persist throughout the infection, often lasting for months. The consequences of most of these post-infection symptoms might be linked with abnormal cytokine production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression, resulting in neuron damage. We investigated the effect of infection with the Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) JHM strain and Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) on a primary microglia and astrocyte culture by analysing ROS production, cytokine and chemokine expression, and cell death during one month post infection. For this purpose, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and a high-throughput Luminex ProcartaPlex immunopanel for 48 cytokines and chemokines were utilised. The replication of MHV-JHM and SDAV in microglia and astrocytes has increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The cytokine expression induced by the two viruses differed, as did their detection after infection. SDAV infection resulted in a much broader cytokine response compared to that of MHV-JHM. Both viruses significantly increased ROS levels and induced apoptosis in a small percentage of the cells, but without necrosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/9/637SDAVMHV-JHMmicrogliaastrocytesROSapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Michalina Bartak Weronika D. Krahel Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch Marcin Chodkowski Adrian Valentin Potârniche Ewa Długosz Małgorzata Krzyżowska Joanna Cymerys Cytokine Profile Analysis During Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM Strain Infection in Primary Mixed Microglia and Astrocyte Culture—Preliminary Research Cells SDAV MHV-JHM microglia astrocytes ROS apoptosis |
| title | Cytokine Profile Analysis During Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM Strain Infection in Primary Mixed Microglia and Astrocyte Culture—Preliminary Research |
| title_full | Cytokine Profile Analysis During Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM Strain Infection in Primary Mixed Microglia and Astrocyte Culture—Preliminary Research |
| title_fullStr | Cytokine Profile Analysis During Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM Strain Infection in Primary Mixed Microglia and Astrocyte Culture—Preliminary Research |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokine Profile Analysis During Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM Strain Infection in Primary Mixed Microglia and Astrocyte Culture—Preliminary Research |
| title_short | Cytokine Profile Analysis During Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mouse Hepatitis Virus JHM Strain Infection in Primary Mixed Microglia and Astrocyte Culture—Preliminary Research |
| title_sort | cytokine profile analysis during sialodacryoadenitis virus and mouse hepatitis virus jhm strain infection in primary mixed microglia and astrocyte culture preliminary research |
| topic | SDAV MHV-JHM microglia astrocytes ROS apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/9/637 |
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