Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Hydroponic Adaptation Potential in Different Pakchoi (<i>Brassica campestris</i> ssp. <i>Chinensis</i>) Parent Materials
Hydroponics is currently one of the primary methods for soilless cultivation. Although the phenotype and quality of vegetables differ between hydroponic and soil-based systems, limited research has been conducted on the selection and breeding of pakchoi cultivars specifically suited for hydroponics....
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/822 |
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| author | Jiawei Cui Xiuping Zhan Qixu Wang Donghe Zhang Dalu Li Xiaofeng Li Lu Gao Hongfang Zhu Liying Chang Jianyong Li Xiaotao Ding |
| author_facet | Jiawei Cui Xiuping Zhan Qixu Wang Donghe Zhang Dalu Li Xiaofeng Li Lu Gao Hongfang Zhu Liying Chang Jianyong Li Xiaotao Ding |
| author_sort | Jiawei Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydroponics is currently one of the primary methods for soilless cultivation. Although the phenotype and quality of vegetables differ between hydroponic and soil-based systems, limited research has been conducted on the selection and breeding of pakchoi cultivars specifically suited for hydroponics. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were performed on the commercial traits, agronomic characteristics, and nutritional quality of 20 pakchoi parental lines grown under hydroponic conditions to classify and screen suitable germplasm for breeding. PCA reduced the 11 agronomic traits into two independent principal components, accounting for a cumulative contribution of 79.22%. Cluster analysis grouped the 20 parental lines into four categories based on the composite scores of agronomic traits and nutritional quality. Group 3 was selected for breeding programs aiming to develop high-yielding cultivars with a desirable morphology. For breeding targets emphasizing darker leaves and petiole coloration, Group 4 presented the most suitable germplasm. Group 1 was ideal for enhancing nutritional quality by offering parent lines rich in calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, and amino acids. Alternatively, Group 2 contained lines with high levels of soluble proteins, amino acids, and soluble sugars. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5456f8ded1b4846b547b0a3bfeb851d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-c5456f8ded1b4846b547b0a3bfeb851d2025-08-20T02:45:49ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-07-0111782210.3390/horticulturae11070822Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Hydroponic Adaptation Potential in Different Pakchoi (<i>Brassica campestris</i> ssp. <i>Chinensis</i>) Parent MaterialsJiawei Cui0Xiuping Zhan1Qixu Wang2Donghe Zhang3Dalu Li4Xiaofeng Li5Lu Gao6Hongfang Zhu7Liying Chang8Jianyong Li9Xiaotao Ding10Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, ChinaShanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai 201103, ChinaShanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai 201103, ChinaShanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai 201103, ChinaShanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai 201103, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, ChinaSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaShanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai 201103, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, ChinaHydroponics is currently one of the primary methods for soilless cultivation. Although the phenotype and quality of vegetables differ between hydroponic and soil-based systems, limited research has been conducted on the selection and breeding of pakchoi cultivars specifically suited for hydroponics. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were performed on the commercial traits, agronomic characteristics, and nutritional quality of 20 pakchoi parental lines grown under hydroponic conditions to classify and screen suitable germplasm for breeding. PCA reduced the 11 agronomic traits into two independent principal components, accounting for a cumulative contribution of 79.22%. Cluster analysis grouped the 20 parental lines into four categories based on the composite scores of agronomic traits and nutritional quality. Group 3 was selected for breeding programs aiming to develop high-yielding cultivars with a desirable morphology. For breeding targets emphasizing darker leaves and petiole coloration, Group 4 presented the most suitable germplasm. Group 1 was ideal for enhancing nutritional quality by offering parent lines rich in calcium, magnesium, vitamin C, and amino acids. Alternatively, Group 2 contained lines with high levels of soluble proteins, amino acids, and soluble sugars.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/822soilless cultivationparental linesnon-heading Chinese cabbagecultivarvegetable |
| spellingShingle | Jiawei Cui Xiuping Zhan Qixu Wang Donghe Zhang Dalu Li Xiaofeng Li Lu Gao Hongfang Zhu Liying Chang Jianyong Li Xiaotao Ding Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Hydroponic Adaptation Potential in Different Pakchoi (<i>Brassica campestris</i> ssp. <i>Chinensis</i>) Parent Materials Horticulturae soilless cultivation parental lines non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivar vegetable |
| title | Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Hydroponic Adaptation Potential in Different Pakchoi (<i>Brassica campestris</i> ssp. <i>Chinensis</i>) Parent Materials |
| title_full | Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Hydroponic Adaptation Potential in Different Pakchoi (<i>Brassica campestris</i> ssp. <i>Chinensis</i>) Parent Materials |
| title_fullStr | Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Hydroponic Adaptation Potential in Different Pakchoi (<i>Brassica campestris</i> ssp. <i>Chinensis</i>) Parent Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Hydroponic Adaptation Potential in Different Pakchoi (<i>Brassica campestris</i> ssp. <i>Chinensis</i>) Parent Materials |
| title_short | Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Hydroponic Adaptation Potential in Different Pakchoi (<i>Brassica campestris</i> ssp. <i>Chinensis</i>) Parent Materials |
| title_sort | principal component analysis and cluster analysis of hydroponic adaptation potential in different pakchoi i brassica campestris i ssp i chinensis i parent materials |
| topic | soilless cultivation parental lines non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivar vegetable |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/822 |
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