Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>

<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> is a globally distributed human fungal pathogen that can cause cryptococcal meningitis with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we identified an anaphase-promoting complex (APC) activator, Cdh1, and examined its impact on the virulence of <i>...

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Main Authors: Qiu-Hong Liao, Lian-Tao Han, Meng-Ru Guo, Cheng-Li Fan, Tong-Bao Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Fungi
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/12/891
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author Qiu-Hong Liao
Lian-Tao Han
Meng-Ru Guo
Cheng-Li Fan
Tong-Bao Liu
author_facet Qiu-Hong Liao
Lian-Tao Han
Meng-Ru Guo
Cheng-Li Fan
Tong-Bao Liu
author_sort Qiu-Hong Liao
collection DOAJ
description <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> is a globally distributed human fungal pathogen that can cause cryptococcal meningitis with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we identified an anaphase-promoting complex (APC) activator, Cdh1, and examined its impact on the virulence of <i>C. neoformans</i>. Our subcellular localization analysis revealed that Cdh1 is situated in the nucleus of <i>C. neoformans</i>. Disrupting or overexpressing the <i>CDH1</i> gene caused abnormal capsule formation in <i>C. neoformans</i>. The <i>cdh1</i>Δ mutant displayed slight sensitivity when grown at 37 °C, indicating that Cdh1 plays a role in maintaining the growth of <i>C. neoformans</i> at 37 °C. A fungal virulence assay showed that Cdh1 is closely associated with the virulence of <i>C. neoformans</i>, and both the <i>cdh1</i>Δ mutant and <i>CDH1</i><sup>OE</sup> overexpression strains significantly diminished the virulence of <i>C. neoformans</i>. The <i>Cryptococcus</i>–macrophage interaction assay revealed that both the <i>cdh1</i>∆ mutant and the <i>CDH1</i><sup>OE</sup> strains had significantly lower proliferation ability inside macrophages. Furthermore, the infection of the <i>cdh1</i>Δ mutant significantly activated neutrophil recruitment, as well as Th2 and Th17 immune responses, in lung tissue. In summary, our findings indicate that Cdh1 is crucial for producing virulence factors and fungal virulence in <i>C. neoformans</i>. The findings of this study can offer valuable insights and form the basis for further study of the regulatory mechanisms governing the pathogenicity of <i>C. neoformans</i>, potentially leading to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-c541e2a14e5848609017660b91c9a8cd2025-08-20T02:56:48ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2024-12-01101289110.3390/jof10120891Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>Qiu-Hong Liao0Lian-Tao Han1Meng-Ru Guo2Cheng-Li Fan3Tong-Bao Liu4State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaMedical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaMedical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> is a globally distributed human fungal pathogen that can cause cryptococcal meningitis with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we identified an anaphase-promoting complex (APC) activator, Cdh1, and examined its impact on the virulence of <i>C. neoformans</i>. Our subcellular localization analysis revealed that Cdh1 is situated in the nucleus of <i>C. neoformans</i>. Disrupting or overexpressing the <i>CDH1</i> gene caused abnormal capsule formation in <i>C. neoformans</i>. The <i>cdh1</i>Δ mutant displayed slight sensitivity when grown at 37 °C, indicating that Cdh1 plays a role in maintaining the growth of <i>C. neoformans</i> at 37 °C. A fungal virulence assay showed that Cdh1 is closely associated with the virulence of <i>C. neoformans</i>, and both the <i>cdh1</i>Δ mutant and <i>CDH1</i><sup>OE</sup> overexpression strains significantly diminished the virulence of <i>C. neoformans</i>. The <i>Cryptococcus</i>–macrophage interaction assay revealed that both the <i>cdh1</i>∆ mutant and the <i>CDH1</i><sup>OE</sup> strains had significantly lower proliferation ability inside macrophages. Furthermore, the infection of the <i>cdh1</i>Δ mutant significantly activated neutrophil recruitment, as well as Th2 and Th17 immune responses, in lung tissue. In summary, our findings indicate that Cdh1 is crucial for producing virulence factors and fungal virulence in <i>C. neoformans</i>. The findings of this study can offer valuable insights and form the basis for further study of the regulatory mechanisms governing the pathogenicity of <i>C. neoformans</i>, potentially leading to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/12/891<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>APC activator Cdh1capsulevirulencechemokines
spellingShingle Qiu-Hong Liao
Lian-Tao Han
Meng-Ru Guo
Cheng-Li Fan
Tong-Bao Liu
Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
Journal of Fungi
<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
APC activator Cdh1
capsule
virulence
chemokines
title Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
title_full Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
title_fullStr Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
title_full_unstemmed Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
title_short Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
title_sort role of the anaphase promoting complex activator cdh1 in the virulence of i cryptococcus neoformans i
topic <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>
APC activator Cdh1
capsule
virulence
chemokines
url https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/12/891
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