Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) given their extra-pancreatic effects. However, there are concerns about carcinogenesis in the pancreas and thyroid gland. We aimed to evaluate the site-specific...
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Korean Diabetes Association
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Diabetes & Metabolism Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2024-0105.pdf |
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| author | Mijin Kim Seung Chan Kim Jinmi Kim Bo Hyun Kim |
| author_facet | Mijin Kim Seung Chan Kim Jinmi Kim Bo Hyun Kim |
| author_sort | Mijin Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) given their extra-pancreatic effects. However, there are concerns about carcinogenesis in the pancreas and thyroid gland. We aimed to evaluate the site-specific incidence of cancer in patients with T2DM-treated GLP-1 RAs using a nationwide cohort. Methods This study included data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (between 2004 and 2021). The primary outcome was newly diagnosed cancer, and the median follow-up duration for all participants was 8 years. Results After propensity score matching, 7,827 participants were analyzed; 2,609 individuals each were included in the GLP-1 RA, diabetes mellitus (DM) control, and non-DM control groups. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of subsequent cancer in patients with T2DM was 1.73, which was higher than that of individuals without DM, and it increased in both men and women. Analysis of patients with T2DM showed no increased cancer risk associated with the use of GLP-1 RA, and similar results were observed in both men and women. The IRRs of pancreatic cancer (0.74), thyroid cancer (1.32), and medullary thyroid cancer (0.34) did not significantly increase in the GLP-1 RA group compared with those in the DM control group. Conclusion There was a 73% higher risk of cancer in patients with T2DM compared with the general population. However, among patients with T2DM, there was no association between the use of GLP-1 RAs and new-onset cancers, including pancreatic and medullary thyroid cancers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c53907ce74ac4e499adb0b73b1f3dbc5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2233-6079 2233-6087 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Korean Diabetes Association |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetes & Metabolism Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-c53907ce74ac4e499adb0b73b1f3dbc52025-01-15T07:46:19ZengKorean Diabetes AssociationDiabetes & Metabolism Journal2233-60792233-60872025-01-01491495910.4093/dmj.2024.01052886Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMijin Kim0Seung Chan Kim1Jinmi Kim2Bo Hyun Kim3 Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, KoreaBackground Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) given their extra-pancreatic effects. However, there are concerns about carcinogenesis in the pancreas and thyroid gland. We aimed to evaluate the site-specific incidence of cancer in patients with T2DM-treated GLP-1 RAs using a nationwide cohort. Methods This study included data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (between 2004 and 2021). The primary outcome was newly diagnosed cancer, and the median follow-up duration for all participants was 8 years. Results After propensity score matching, 7,827 participants were analyzed; 2,609 individuals each were included in the GLP-1 RA, diabetes mellitus (DM) control, and non-DM control groups. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of subsequent cancer in patients with T2DM was 1.73, which was higher than that of individuals without DM, and it increased in both men and women. Analysis of patients with T2DM showed no increased cancer risk associated with the use of GLP-1 RA, and similar results were observed in both men and women. The IRRs of pancreatic cancer (0.74), thyroid cancer (1.32), and medullary thyroid cancer (0.34) did not significantly increase in the GLP-1 RA group compared with those in the DM control group. Conclusion There was a 73% higher risk of cancer in patients with T2DM compared with the general population. However, among patients with T2DM, there was no association between the use of GLP-1 RAs and new-onset cancers, including pancreatic and medullary thyroid cancers.http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2024-0105.pdfdiabetes mellitus, type 2glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistspancreatic neoplasmsthyroid cancer, medullarythyroid neoplasms |
| spellingShingle | Mijin Kim Seung Chan Kim Jinmi Kim Bo Hyun Kim Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes & Metabolism Journal diabetes mellitus, type 2 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists pancreatic neoplasms thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid neoplasms |
| title | Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full | Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_short | Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Does Not Increase the Risk of Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_sort | use of glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists does not increase the risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | diabetes mellitus, type 2 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists pancreatic neoplasms thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid neoplasms |
| url | http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2024-0105.pdf |
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