Spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisation

Abstract Heavy-ion collisions offer a unique tool for studying the properties of strong interactions at high energy densities. An open question is how heavy quarks, such as charm and bottom, thermalise in the dense matter created by these collisions. Here, we show that the momentum correlations of c...

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Main Authors: Marek Gazdzicki, Daniel Kikoła, Ivan Pidhurskyi, Leonardo Tinti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Communications Physics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02213-y
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author Marek Gazdzicki
Daniel Kikoła
Ivan Pidhurskyi
Leonardo Tinti
author_facet Marek Gazdzicki
Daniel Kikoła
Ivan Pidhurskyi
Leonardo Tinti
author_sort Marek Gazdzicki
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Heavy-ion collisions offer a unique tool for studying the properties of strong interactions at high energy densities. An open question is how heavy quarks, such as charm and bottom, thermalise in the dense matter created by these collisions. Here, we show that the momentum correlations of charm and anticharm hadrons produced in central heavy-ion collisions can provide direct information on the spatial correlations of charm-anticharm quark pairs at hadronisation. This is possible under conditions where only a single charm-anticharm pair is created, as expected in central lead-lead collisions at CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies. We introduce a method to correct the measured joint momentum distribution for smearing effects caused by hadronisation, making the results directly sensitive to spatial correlations. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that even a sample of limited statistics can distinguish between different spatial correlation scenarios. These results offer a novel test of heavy-quark production and transport models and are achievable with current detector technologies and beam intensities.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2399-3650
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spelling doaj-art-c537d3a89ab24b4f8f026d3bf78dabb52025-08-20T04:03:02ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Physics2399-36502025-07-01811910.1038/s42005-025-02213-ySpatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisationMarek Gazdzicki0Daniel Kikoła1Ivan Pidhurskyi2Leonardo Tinti3Jan Kochanowski UniversityWarsaw University of TechnologyJan Kochanowski UniversityJan Kochanowski UniversityAbstract Heavy-ion collisions offer a unique tool for studying the properties of strong interactions at high energy densities. An open question is how heavy quarks, such as charm and bottom, thermalise in the dense matter created by these collisions. Here, we show that the momentum correlations of charm and anticharm hadrons produced in central heavy-ion collisions can provide direct information on the spatial correlations of charm-anticharm quark pairs at hadronisation. This is possible under conditions where only a single charm-anticharm pair is created, as expected in central lead-lead collisions at CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies. We introduce a method to correct the measured joint momentum distribution for smearing effects caused by hadronisation, making the results directly sensitive to spatial correlations. Using simulated data, we demonstrate that even a sample of limited statistics can distinguish between different spatial correlation scenarios. These results offer a novel test of heavy-quark production and transport models and are achievable with current detector technologies and beam intensities.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02213-y
spellingShingle Marek Gazdzicki
Daniel Kikoła
Ivan Pidhurskyi
Leonardo Tinti
Spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisation
Communications Physics
title Spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisation
title_full Spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisation
title_fullStr Spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisation
title_full_unstemmed Spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisation
title_short Spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisation
title_sort spatial correlations of charm and anticharm quarks at hadronisation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-025-02213-y
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AT danielkikoła spatialcorrelationsofcharmandanticharmquarksathadronisation
AT ivanpidhurskyi spatialcorrelationsofcharmandanticharmquarksathadronisation
AT leonardotinti spatialcorrelationsofcharmandanticharmquarksathadronisation