A longitudinal mixed-methods examination of emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and burnout among Chinese educators

IntroductionThis longitudinal mixed-methods study explored the interplay between emotional intelligence (EI), mindfulness practices, and burnout among secondary school educators in mainland China. The aim was to understand changes in these variables over time and the impact of mindfulness.MethodsThe...

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Main Authors: Xiao Han, Mingmu Jiao, Gemma M. Perey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1599585/full
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author Xiao Han
Xiao Han
Mingmu Jiao
Gemma M. Perey
author_facet Xiao Han
Xiao Han
Mingmu Jiao
Gemma M. Perey
author_sort Xiao Han
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThis longitudinal mixed-methods study explored the interplay between emotional intelligence (EI), mindfulness practices, and burnout among secondary school educators in mainland China. The aim was to understand changes in these variables over time and the impact of mindfulness.MethodsThe study tracked EI Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) and burnout Maslach Burnout Inventory - Educators Survey (MBI-ES) quantitatively over 12 months in a sample of 216 educators (189 completed all phases). Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 35 participants to explore lived experiences.ResultsQuantitative findings revealed a significant reduction in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while EI facets remained stable. Average daily mindfulness-practice duration was inversely correlated with emotional exhaustion (r = −0.28, p = 0.003). Qualitative analysis highlighted themes including the multifaceted burden of burnout, the perceived role of EI, mindfulness as a coping tool, personal coping mechanisms, high self-awareness alongside challenges in emotional regulation, and the impact of systemic stressors. Practical constraints reportedly limited sustained mindfulness engagement.DiscussionThe findings contribute to understanding the complex interactions between EI, mindfulness, and burnout in educators. This study offers insights into potential strategies for fostering teacher resilience and well-being within educational settings, emphasizing the benefits of mindfulness for emotional exhaustion while acknowledging limitations.
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spelling doaj-art-c535d5b8cd3443c8a1753eb6d31914742025-08-20T03:48:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-05-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15995851599585A longitudinal mixed-methods examination of emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and burnout among Chinese educatorsXiao Han0Xiao Han1Mingmu Jiao2Gemma M. Perey3Department of Materials, Handan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Handan, ChinaCollege of Teacher Education, University of the Cordilleras, Baguio, PhilippinesDepartment of Materials, Handan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Handan, ChinaCollege of Teacher Education, University of the Cordilleras, Baguio, PhilippinesIntroductionThis longitudinal mixed-methods study explored the interplay between emotional intelligence (EI), mindfulness practices, and burnout among secondary school educators in mainland China. The aim was to understand changes in these variables over time and the impact of mindfulness.MethodsThe study tracked EI Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) and burnout Maslach Burnout Inventory - Educators Survey (MBI-ES) quantitatively over 12 months in a sample of 216 educators (189 completed all phases). Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 35 participants to explore lived experiences.ResultsQuantitative findings revealed a significant reduction in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, while EI facets remained stable. Average daily mindfulness-practice duration was inversely correlated with emotional exhaustion (r = −0.28, p = 0.003). Qualitative analysis highlighted themes including the multifaceted burden of burnout, the perceived role of EI, mindfulness as a coping tool, personal coping mechanisms, high self-awareness alongside challenges in emotional regulation, and the impact of systemic stressors. Practical constraints reportedly limited sustained mindfulness engagement.DiscussionThe findings contribute to understanding the complex interactions between EI, mindfulness, and burnout in educators. This study offers insights into potential strategies for fostering teacher resilience and well-being within educational settings, emphasizing the benefits of mindfulness for emotional exhaustion while acknowledging limitations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1599585/fullemotional intelligencemindfulnessburnoutChinese educatorsteacher well-beinglongitudinal study
spellingShingle Xiao Han
Xiao Han
Mingmu Jiao
Gemma M. Perey
A longitudinal mixed-methods examination of emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and burnout among Chinese educators
Frontiers in Psychology
emotional intelligence
mindfulness
burnout
Chinese educators
teacher well-being
longitudinal study
title A longitudinal mixed-methods examination of emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and burnout among Chinese educators
title_full A longitudinal mixed-methods examination of emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and burnout among Chinese educators
title_fullStr A longitudinal mixed-methods examination of emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and burnout among Chinese educators
title_full_unstemmed A longitudinal mixed-methods examination of emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and burnout among Chinese educators
title_short A longitudinal mixed-methods examination of emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and burnout among Chinese educators
title_sort longitudinal mixed methods examination of emotional intelligence mindfulness and burnout among chinese educators
topic emotional intelligence
mindfulness
burnout
Chinese educators
teacher well-being
longitudinal study
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1599585/full
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