<i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-Exposed Placentae: Chorionic Villi Histomorphology and Neonatal Birthweight
Background: <i>Salmonella</i> infections impose a substantial global health burden, with an estimated 95.1 million cases occurring annually. Pregnant women exhibit a heightened vulnerability due to pregnancy-specific immune adaptations and dietary habits that increase their risk of <i...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo Joana Twasam Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu John Ahenkorah Bismarck Afedo Hottor Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie Peter Ofori Appiah Emmanuel Afutu Fleischer C. N. Kotey Emilia Asuquo Udofia Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney Benjamin Arko-Boham Eric S. Donkor |
| author_facet | Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo Joana Twasam Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu John Ahenkorah Bismarck Afedo Hottor Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie Peter Ofori Appiah Emmanuel Afutu Fleischer C. N. Kotey Emilia Asuquo Udofia Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney Benjamin Arko-Boham Eric S. Donkor |
| author_sort | Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: <i>Salmonella</i> infections impose a substantial global health burden, with an estimated 95.1 million cases occurring annually. Pregnant women exhibit a heightened vulnerability due to pregnancy-specific immune adaptations and dietary habits that increase their risk of <i>Salmonella</i> exposure, facilitating possible damage to the placental barrier. Despite this significant burden, <i>Salmonella</i>-associated placental pathology remains poorly understood, particularly its impact on foetal development through microstructural alterations. Aim: This study utilised stereology to assess histomorphological and functional alterations in term placentae of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-exposed placentae, compared to unexposed controls. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Ghana. Of 237 screened women, 62 placentae were selected for analysis, comprising 31 <i>Salmonella</i>-exposed cases (IgG/IgM-positive in placental and cord blood) and 31 gestational age-matched controls (IgG/IgM-negative). Placental tissues were processed for histology and stereology. Neonatal birthweights were also compared. Results: Stereological assessment revealed significantly higher mean volume densities of syncytial knots in the study group (0.4755 ± 0.04) compared to the controls (0.3342 ± 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.0219). Syncytial denudation was increased in the study group (0.8113 ± 0.09) relative to the controls (0.1975 ± 0.08, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Foetal capillary volume density was also significantly elevated in the study group (5.1010 ± 0.32) compared to the controls (3.562 ± 0.47, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In contrast, intervillous space volume was significantly reduced in the study group (9.5810 ± 0.05) compared to the controls (11.593 ± 0.26, <i>p</i> = 0.0053). Neonates of exposed mothers showed a non-significant reduction in birthweight. Conclusion: <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi exposure in pregnancy induces subtle, yet significant alterations in placental architecture, compromising villous integrity and vascular organisation. Although birthweight may appear unaffected, the observed changes point to reduced placental efficiency and merit further research into their developmental consequences and long-term effects on babies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c5322e84acca45cbae3ef250f97c6c7d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c5322e84acca45cbae3ef250f97c6c7d2025-08-20T02:45:45ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212025-06-0113720510.3390/diseases13070205<i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-Exposed Placentae: Chorionic Villi Histomorphology and Neonatal BirthweightPatience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo0Joana Twasam1Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu2John Ahenkorah3Bismarck Afedo Hottor4Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie5Peter Ofori Appiah6Emmanuel Afutu7Fleischer C. N. Kotey8Emilia Asuquo Udofia9Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney10Benjamin Arko-Boham11Eric S. Donkor12Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra P.O. Box KB 4236, GhanaBackground: <i>Salmonella</i> infections impose a substantial global health burden, with an estimated 95.1 million cases occurring annually. Pregnant women exhibit a heightened vulnerability due to pregnancy-specific immune adaptations and dietary habits that increase their risk of <i>Salmonella</i> exposure, facilitating possible damage to the placental barrier. Despite this significant burden, <i>Salmonella</i>-associated placental pathology remains poorly understood, particularly its impact on foetal development through microstructural alterations. Aim: This study utilised stereology to assess histomorphological and functional alterations in term placentae of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-exposed placentae, compared to unexposed controls. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Ghana. Of 237 screened women, 62 placentae were selected for analysis, comprising 31 <i>Salmonella</i>-exposed cases (IgG/IgM-positive in placental and cord blood) and 31 gestational age-matched controls (IgG/IgM-negative). Placental tissues were processed for histology and stereology. Neonatal birthweights were also compared. Results: Stereological assessment revealed significantly higher mean volume densities of syncytial knots in the study group (0.4755 ± 0.04) compared to the controls (0.3342 ± 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.0219). Syncytial denudation was increased in the study group (0.8113 ± 0.09) relative to the controls (0.1975 ± 0.08, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Foetal capillary volume density was also significantly elevated in the study group (5.1010 ± 0.32) compared to the controls (3.562 ± 0.47, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). In contrast, intervillous space volume was significantly reduced in the study group (9.5810 ± 0.05) compared to the controls (11.593 ± 0.26, <i>p</i> = 0.0053). Neonates of exposed mothers showed a non-significant reduction in birthweight. Conclusion: <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi exposure in pregnancy induces subtle, yet significant alterations in placental architecture, compromising villous integrity and vascular organisation. Although birthweight may appear unaffected, the observed changes point to reduced placental efficiency and merit further research into their developmental consequences and long-term effects on babies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/7/205<i>Salmonella</i> Typhiplacental histomorphologybirthweightstereologypregnancy complications |
| spellingShingle | Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo Joana Twasam Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu John Ahenkorah Bismarck Afedo Hottor Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie Peter Ofori Appiah Emmanuel Afutu Fleischer C. N. Kotey Emilia Asuquo Udofia Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney Benjamin Arko-Boham Eric S. Donkor <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-Exposed Placentae: Chorionic Villi Histomorphology and Neonatal Birthweight Diseases <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi placental histomorphology birthweight stereology pregnancy complications |
| title | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-Exposed Placentae: Chorionic Villi Histomorphology and Neonatal Birthweight |
| title_full | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-Exposed Placentae: Chorionic Villi Histomorphology and Neonatal Birthweight |
| title_fullStr | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-Exposed Placentae: Chorionic Villi Histomorphology and Neonatal Birthweight |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-Exposed Placentae: Chorionic Villi Histomorphology and Neonatal Birthweight |
| title_short | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi-Exposed Placentae: Chorionic Villi Histomorphology and Neonatal Birthweight |
| title_sort | i salmonella i typhi exposed placentae chorionic villi histomorphology and neonatal birthweight |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi placental histomorphology birthweight stereology pregnancy complications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/13/7/205 |
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