Clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma: a comparative analysis with intraductal papilloma
Abstract Objective Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) exhibits clinical and imaging characteristics that resemble those of the benign tumor intraductal papilloma (IDP). The differences between these two entities have not been extensively studied. The objective of this study is to evaluate and co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | World Journal of Surgical Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-025-03880-5 |
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| author | Zhi-long Liu Qian Zhang Qin Lu Chao Zhang Juan Chen Yan-yan Dong Li-ping Liu |
| author_facet | Zhi-long Liu Qian Zhang Qin Lu Chao Zhang Juan Chen Yan-yan Dong Li-ping Liu |
| author_sort | Zhi-long Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) exhibits clinical and imaging characteristics that resemble those of the benign tumor intraductal papilloma (IDP). The differences between these two entities have not been extensively studied. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and imaging features of EPC and IDP. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 36 patients diagnosed with EPC and 30 patients diagnosed with IDP at a single center between May 2016 and May 2023. Clinical parameters, including patient age and the presence of nipple discharge, as well as imaging parameters such as nodule size, shape, margins, aspect ratio, internal structure, calcifications, posterior acoustic enhancement, blood flow signals, and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification, were compared between the two groups. Results The mean age of patients with EPC was significantly higher than that of those with IDP (60.39 years vs. 49.27 years, p < 0.01). EPC nodules were larger in size (3.00 ± 2.17 cm vs. 2.11 ± 0.85 cm) and more frequently exhibited a cystic-solid composition (61.11% vs. 36.67%, p < 0.05). Posterior acoustic enhancement was observed in 72.22% of EPCs compared to 40.00% of IDPs (p < 0.01). Additionally, EPCs were associated with a higher incidence of abundant blood flow signals (grade ≥ 2) than IDPs (63.89% vs. 36.67%, p < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in terms of nodule morphology, margins, or BI-RADS classification. Mammographic features, including calcifications, were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion This study presents the imaging characteristics of EPC and identifies potential clinical and imaging differences between EPC and IDP. These findings support clinicians in distinguishing EPC from IDP more effectively. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c52279f26ce94d57b342ae929d544e44 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1477-7819 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | World Journal of Surgical Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c52279f26ce94d57b342ae929d544e442025-08-20T02:36:50ZengBMCWorld Journal of Surgical Oncology1477-78192025-06-012311910.1186/s12957-025-03880-5Clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma: a comparative analysis with intraductal papillomaZhi-long Liu0Qian Zhang1Qin Lu2Chao Zhang3Juan Chen4Yan-yan Dong5Li-ping Liu6Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Ultrasound Intervention, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Ultrasound, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Ultrasound Intervention, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityAbstract Objective Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) exhibits clinical and imaging characteristics that resemble those of the benign tumor intraductal papilloma (IDP). The differences between these two entities have not been extensively studied. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and imaging features of EPC and IDP. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 36 patients diagnosed with EPC and 30 patients diagnosed with IDP at a single center between May 2016 and May 2023. Clinical parameters, including patient age and the presence of nipple discharge, as well as imaging parameters such as nodule size, shape, margins, aspect ratio, internal structure, calcifications, posterior acoustic enhancement, blood flow signals, and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification, were compared between the two groups. Results The mean age of patients with EPC was significantly higher than that of those with IDP (60.39 years vs. 49.27 years, p < 0.01). EPC nodules were larger in size (3.00 ± 2.17 cm vs. 2.11 ± 0.85 cm) and more frequently exhibited a cystic-solid composition (61.11% vs. 36.67%, p < 0.05). Posterior acoustic enhancement was observed in 72.22% of EPCs compared to 40.00% of IDPs (p < 0.01). Additionally, EPCs were associated with a higher incidence of abundant blood flow signals (grade ≥ 2) than IDPs (63.89% vs. 36.67%, p < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in terms of nodule morphology, margins, or BI-RADS classification. Mammographic features, including calcifications, were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion This study presents the imaging characteristics of EPC and identifies potential clinical and imaging differences between EPC and IDP. These findings support clinicians in distinguishing EPC from IDP more effectively.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-025-03880-5Breast cancerEncapsulated papillary carcinomaIntraductal papillomaUltrasonic examination |
| spellingShingle | Zhi-long Liu Qian Zhang Qin Lu Chao Zhang Juan Chen Yan-yan Dong Li-ping Liu Clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma: a comparative analysis with intraductal papilloma World Journal of Surgical Oncology Breast cancer Encapsulated papillary carcinoma Intraductal papilloma Ultrasonic examination |
| title | Clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma: a comparative analysis with intraductal papilloma |
| title_full | Clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma: a comparative analysis with intraductal papilloma |
| title_fullStr | Clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma: a comparative analysis with intraductal papilloma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma: a comparative analysis with intraductal papilloma |
| title_short | Clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma: a comparative analysis with intraductal papilloma |
| title_sort | clinical and imaging characteristics of encapsulated papillary carcinoma a comparative analysis with intraductal papilloma |
| topic | Breast cancer Encapsulated papillary carcinoma Intraductal papilloma Ultrasonic examination |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-025-03880-5 |
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