Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation
Abstract This study reports a green, cost-effective synthesis of ZnO/rGO nanocomposites (NCs) using Conyza bonariensis leaf extract as a novel bio-reducing agent. The nanocomposites were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Extensive characterization techniques including XRD, FT-IR, EDS, UV-DR...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03229-8 |
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| author | Rohit S. Madankar Pavan Bhilkar Mohammad Raish Ajay Potbhare Małgorzata Norek Subhash Somkuwar Ankita Daddemal-Chaudhary Aniruddha Mondal Ratiram Chaudhary |
| author_facet | Rohit S. Madankar Pavan Bhilkar Mohammad Raish Ajay Potbhare Małgorzata Norek Subhash Somkuwar Ankita Daddemal-Chaudhary Aniruddha Mondal Ratiram Chaudhary |
| author_sort | Rohit S. Madankar |
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| description | Abstract This study reports a green, cost-effective synthesis of ZnO/rGO nanocomposites (NCs) using Conyza bonariensis leaf extract as a novel bio-reducing agent. The nanocomposites were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Extensive characterization techniques including XRD, FT-IR, EDS, UV-DRS, XPS, BET, SEM, TEM, and AFM were employed to evaluate the crystallite size, phase structure, chemical composition, surface morphology, porosity, and particle size of the synthesized material. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phase with an average crystallite size of approximately 17.22 nm, calculated using the Debye–Scherrer equation. SEM revealed a distinctive “tuberose flower”-like morphology of ZnO particles distributed on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, with flower diameters ranging from 1 to 2 μm and petal widths of 40–70 nm. Further, TEM supported the uniform distribution of ZnO tubular petals on graphene nanosheets. BET analysis demonstrated the mesoporous nature of NCs. Remarkably, the bioinspired ZnO/rGO NCs exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation, effectively degrading industrial dyes such as Congo red (CR), Methylene blue (MB), and Thymol blue (TB). The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the nanocomposites’ unique scaffold-like architecture, increased light absorption, and efficient charge separation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c51bfc3677f049b29d3e1fa4a9c4bdbc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-c51bfc3677f049b29d3e1fa4a9c4bdbc2025-08-20T03:03:42ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-03229-8Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiationRohit S. Madankar0Pavan Bhilkar1Mohammad Raish2Ajay Potbhare3Małgorzata Norek4Subhash Somkuwar5Ankita Daddemal-Chaudhary6Aniruddha Mondal7Ratiram Chaudhary8Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur UniversityPost Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityPost Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur UniversityInstitute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of TechnologyDepartment of Botany, Dr. Ambedkar CollegeDepartment of Botany, Lady Amritbai Daga College for Women of Arts, Commerce and ScienceCentre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara UniversityPost Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur UniversityAbstract This study reports a green, cost-effective synthesis of ZnO/rGO nanocomposites (NCs) using Conyza bonariensis leaf extract as a novel bio-reducing agent. The nanocomposites were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. Extensive characterization techniques including XRD, FT-IR, EDS, UV-DRS, XPS, BET, SEM, TEM, and AFM were employed to evaluate the crystallite size, phase structure, chemical composition, surface morphology, porosity, and particle size of the synthesized material. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO phase with an average crystallite size of approximately 17.22 nm, calculated using the Debye–Scherrer equation. SEM revealed a distinctive “tuberose flower”-like morphology of ZnO particles distributed on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets, with flower diameters ranging from 1 to 2 μm and petal widths of 40–70 nm. Further, TEM supported the uniform distribution of ZnO tubular petals on graphene nanosheets. BET analysis demonstrated the mesoporous nature of NCs. Remarkably, the bioinspired ZnO/rGO NCs exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation, effectively degrading industrial dyes such as Congo red (CR), Methylene blue (MB), and Thymol blue (TB). The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the nanocomposites’ unique scaffold-like architecture, increased light absorption, and efficient charge separation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03229-8Bioinspired ZnO/rGO NCsNature-inspired synthesisMesoporous materialPhotocatalytic performanceToxic dyesEnvironmental mitigation |
| spellingShingle | Rohit S. Madankar Pavan Bhilkar Mohammad Raish Ajay Potbhare Małgorzata Norek Subhash Somkuwar Ankita Daddemal-Chaudhary Aniruddha Mondal Ratiram Chaudhary Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation Scientific Reports Bioinspired ZnO/rGO NCs Nature-inspired synthesis Mesoporous material Photocatalytic performance Toxic dyes Environmental mitigation |
| title | Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation |
| title_full | Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation |
| title_fullStr | Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation |
| title_short | Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation |
| title_sort | bioinspired conyza bonariensis mediated zno rgo ncs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible light irradiation |
| topic | Bioinspired ZnO/rGO NCs Nature-inspired synthesis Mesoporous material Photocatalytic performance Toxic dyes Environmental mitigation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03229-8 |
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