Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> BMS-202, is a potent small molecule with demonstrated antitumor activity. The study aimed to comprehensively characterize the physical and chemical properties of BMS-202 and evaluate its suitability for topical formulation, focusing on uniformity, stability...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1409 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850266509539016704 |
|---|---|
| author | Hasham Shafi Andrea J. Lora Haley M. Donow Sally E. Dickinson Georg T. Wondrak H.-H. Sherry Chow Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski Heidi M. Mansour |
| author_facet | Hasham Shafi Andrea J. Lora Haley M. Donow Sally E. Dickinson Georg T. Wondrak H.-H. Sherry Chow Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski Heidi M. Mansour |
| author_sort | Hasham Shafi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> BMS-202, is a potent small molecule with demonstrated antitumor activity. The study aimed to comprehensively characterize the physical and chemical properties of BMS-202 and evaluate its suitability for topical formulation, focusing on uniformity, stability and safety profiles. <b>Methods:</b> A range of analytical techniques were employed to characterize BMS-202. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to assess morphology, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) provided insights of thermal behavior, and Hot-Stage Microscopy (HSM) corroborated these thermal behaviors. Molecular fingerprinting was conducted using Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, with chemical uniformity of the batch further validated by mapping through FTIR and Raman microscopies. The residual water content was measured using Karl Fisher Coulometric titration, and vapor sorption isotherms examined moisture uptake across varying relative humidity levels. In vitro safety assessments involved testing with skin epithelial cell lines, such as HaCaT and NHEK, and Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) to evaluate barrier integrity. <b>Results:</b> SEM revealed a distinctive needle-like morphology, while DSC indicated a sharp melting point at 110.90 ± 0.54 ℃ with a high enthalpy of 84.41 ± 0.38 J/g. HSM confirmed the crystalline-to-amorphous transition at the melting point. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, alongside chemical imaging, confirmed chemical uniformity as well as validated the batch consistency. A residual water content of 2.76 ± 1.37 % (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and minimal moisture uptake across relative humidity levels demonstrated its low hygroscopicity and suitability for topical formulations. Cytotoxicity testing showed dose-dependent reduction in skin epithelial cell viability at high concentrations (100 µM and 500 µM), with lower doses (0.1 µM to 10 µM) demonstrating acceptable safety. TEER studies indicated that BMS-202 does not disrupt the HaCaT cell barrier function. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings from this study establish that BMS-202 has promising physicochemical and in vitro characteristics at therapeutic concentrations for topical applications, providing a foundation for future formulation development focused on skin-related cancers or localized immune modulation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c50ad47292fb44879aa059edaa83ad43 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-c50ad47292fb44879aa059edaa83ad432025-08-20T01:54:08ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-11-011611140910.3390/pharmaceutics16111409Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death LigandHasham Shafi0Andrea J. Lora1Haley M. Donow2Sally E. Dickinson3Georg T. Wondrak4H.-H. Sherry Chow5Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski6Heidi M. Mansour7Florida International University Center for Translational Science, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USAFlorida International University Center for Translational Science, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USAFlorida International University Center for Translational Science, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USAUniversity of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USAUniversity of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USAUniversity of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USAUniversity of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USAFlorida International University Center for Translational Science, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA<b>Background/Objectives:</b> BMS-202, is a potent small molecule with demonstrated antitumor activity. The study aimed to comprehensively characterize the physical and chemical properties of BMS-202 and evaluate its suitability for topical formulation, focusing on uniformity, stability and safety profiles. <b>Methods:</b> A range of analytical techniques were employed to characterize BMS-202. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to assess morphology, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) provided insights of thermal behavior, and Hot-Stage Microscopy (HSM) corroborated these thermal behaviors. Molecular fingerprinting was conducted using Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, with chemical uniformity of the batch further validated by mapping through FTIR and Raman microscopies. The residual water content was measured using Karl Fisher Coulometric titration, and vapor sorption isotherms examined moisture uptake across varying relative humidity levels. In vitro safety assessments involved testing with skin epithelial cell lines, such as HaCaT and NHEK, and Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) to evaluate barrier integrity. <b>Results:</b> SEM revealed a distinctive needle-like morphology, while DSC indicated a sharp melting point at 110.90 ± 0.54 ℃ with a high enthalpy of 84.41 ± 0.38 J/g. HSM confirmed the crystalline-to-amorphous transition at the melting point. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, alongside chemical imaging, confirmed chemical uniformity as well as validated the batch consistency. A residual water content of 2.76 ± 1.37 % (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and minimal moisture uptake across relative humidity levels demonstrated its low hygroscopicity and suitability for topical formulations. Cytotoxicity testing showed dose-dependent reduction in skin epithelial cell viability at high concentrations (100 µM and 500 µM), with lower doses (0.1 µM to 10 µM) demonstrating acceptable safety. TEER studies indicated that BMS-202 does not disrupt the HaCaT cell barrier function. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings from this study establish that BMS-202 has promising physicochemical and in vitro characteristics at therapeutic concentrations for topical applications, providing a foundation for future formulation development focused on skin-related cancers or localized immune modulation.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1409microscopyphase transitionsin vitro human cell viabilitytransepithelial electrical resistance (TEER)molecular fingerprinting spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Hasham Shafi Andrea J. Lora Haley M. Donow Sally E. Dickinson Georg T. Wondrak H.-H. Sherry Chow Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski Heidi M. Mansour Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand Pharmaceutics microscopy phase transitions in vitro human cell viability transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) molecular fingerprinting spectroscopy |
| title | Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand |
| title_full | Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand |
| title_short | Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand |
| title_sort | comprehensive advanced physicochemical characterization and in vitro human cell culture assessment of bms 202 a novel inhibitor of programmed cell death ligand |
| topic | microscopy phase transitions in vitro human cell viability transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) molecular fingerprinting spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/11/1409 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hashamshafi comprehensiveadvancedphysicochemicalcharacterizationandinvitrohumancellcultureassessmentofbms202anovelinhibitorofprogrammedcelldeathligand AT andreajlora comprehensiveadvancedphysicochemicalcharacterizationandinvitrohumancellcultureassessmentofbms202anovelinhibitorofprogrammedcelldeathligand AT haleymdonow comprehensiveadvancedphysicochemicalcharacterizationandinvitrohumancellcultureassessmentofbms202anovelinhibitorofprogrammedcelldeathligand AT sallyedickinson comprehensiveadvancedphysicochemicalcharacterizationandinvitrohumancellcultureassessmentofbms202anovelinhibitorofprogrammedcelldeathligand AT georgtwondrak comprehensiveadvancedphysicochemicalcharacterizationandinvitrohumancellcultureassessmentofbms202anovelinhibitorofprogrammedcelldeathligand AT hhsherrychow comprehensiveadvancedphysicochemicalcharacterizationandinvitrohumancellcultureassessmentofbms202anovelinhibitorofprogrammedcelldeathligand AT claracuriellewandrowski comprehensiveadvancedphysicochemicalcharacterizationandinvitrohumancellcultureassessmentofbms202anovelinhibitorofprogrammedcelldeathligand AT heidimmansour comprehensiveadvancedphysicochemicalcharacterizationandinvitrohumancellcultureassessmentofbms202anovelinhibitorofprogrammedcelldeathligand |