Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si
The implementation of renewable energy systems (RESs) in the agricultural sector has significant potential to mitigate the negative effects of fossil fuel-based products on the global climate, reduce operational costs, and enhance crop production. However, the intermittent nature of RESs poses a maj...
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| author | Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya Anis Rabiu Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo Min-Hwi Kim Timothy Denen Akpenpuun Wook-Ho Na Kuljeet Singh Grewal Hyun-Woo Lee |
| author_facet | Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya Anis Rabiu Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo Min-Hwi Kim Timothy Denen Akpenpuun Wook-Ho Na Kuljeet Singh Grewal Hyun-Woo Lee |
| author_sort | Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The implementation of renewable energy systems (RESs) in the agricultural sector has significant potential to mitigate the negative effects of fossil fuel-based products on the global climate, reduce operational costs, and enhance crop production. However, the intermittent nature of RESs poses a major challenge to realizing these benefits. To address this, thermal energy storage (TES) and hybrid heat pump (HHP) systems are integrated with RESs to balance the mismatch between thermal energy production and demand. In pursuit of clean energy solutions in the agricultural sector, a 3942 m<sup>2</sup> greenhouse in Yeoju-si, South Korea, is equipped with 231 solar thermal (ST) collectors, 117 photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors, four HHPs, two ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs), a 28,500 m<sup>3</sup> borehole TES (BTES) unit, a 1040 m<sup>3</sup> tank TES (TTES) unit, and three short-term TES units with capacities of 150 m<sup>3</sup>, 30 m<sup>3</sup>, and 30 m<sup>3</sup>. This study evaluates the long-term performance of the integrated hybrid renewable energy and thermal energy storage systems (HRETESSs) in meeting the greenhouse’s heating and cooling demands. Results indicate that the annual system performance efficiencies range from 25.3% to 68.5% for ST collectors and 31.9% to 72.2% for PVT collectors. The coefficient of performance (COP) during the heating season is 3.3 for GSHPs, 2.5 for HHPs using BTES as a source, and 3.6 for HHPs using TTES as a source. During the cooling season, the COP ranges from 5.3 to 5.7 for GSHPs and 1.84 to 2.83 for ASHPs. Notably, the HRETESS supplied 3.4% of its total heating energy directly from solar energy, 89.3% indirectly via heat pump utilization, and 7.3% is provided by auxiliary heating. This study provides valuable insights into the integration of HRETESSs to maximize greenhouse energy efficiency and supports the development of sustainable agricultural energy solutions, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and operational costs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c50025f8870a4fb4b93367b6f29bd2ff |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-c50025f8870a4fb4b93367b6f29bd2ff2025-08-20T03:14:34ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011810263510.3390/en18102635Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-SiMisbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya0Anis Rabiu1Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo2Min-Hwi Kim3Timothy Denen Akpenpuun4Wook-Ho Na5Kuljeet Singh Grewal6Hyun-Woo Lee7Future Urban and Energy Lab for Sustainability (FUEL-S), Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering (FSDE), University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, CanadaDepartment of Agricultural Civil Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Civil Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaRenewable Thermal Convergence Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, NigeriaDepartment of Agricultural Civil Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaFuture Urban and Energy Lab for Sustainability (FUEL-S), Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering (FSDE), University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, CanadaDepartment of Agricultural Civil Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaThe implementation of renewable energy systems (RESs) in the agricultural sector has significant potential to mitigate the negative effects of fossil fuel-based products on the global climate, reduce operational costs, and enhance crop production. However, the intermittent nature of RESs poses a major challenge to realizing these benefits. To address this, thermal energy storage (TES) and hybrid heat pump (HHP) systems are integrated with RESs to balance the mismatch between thermal energy production and demand. In pursuit of clean energy solutions in the agricultural sector, a 3942 m<sup>2</sup> greenhouse in Yeoju-si, South Korea, is equipped with 231 solar thermal (ST) collectors, 117 photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors, four HHPs, two ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs), a 28,500 m<sup>3</sup> borehole TES (BTES) unit, a 1040 m<sup>3</sup> tank TES (TTES) unit, and three short-term TES units with capacities of 150 m<sup>3</sup>, 30 m<sup>3</sup>, and 30 m<sup>3</sup>. This study evaluates the long-term performance of the integrated hybrid renewable energy and thermal energy storage systems (HRETESSs) in meeting the greenhouse’s heating and cooling demands. Results indicate that the annual system performance efficiencies range from 25.3% to 68.5% for ST collectors and 31.9% to 72.2% for PVT collectors. The coefficient of performance (COP) during the heating season is 3.3 for GSHPs, 2.5 for HHPs using BTES as a source, and 3.6 for HHPs using TTES as a source. During the cooling season, the COP ranges from 5.3 to 5.7 for GSHPs and 1.84 to 2.83 for ASHPs. Notably, the HRETESS supplied 3.4% of its total heating energy directly from solar energy, 89.3% indirectly via heat pump utilization, and 7.3% is provided by auxiliary heating. This study provides valuable insights into the integration of HRETESSs to maximize greenhouse energy efficiency and supports the development of sustainable agricultural energy solutions, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and operational costs.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2635net-zero energy greenhousehybrid renewable energytank thermal energy storageborehole thermal energy storageheat pumpsCOP |
| spellingShingle | Misbaudeen Aderemi Adesanya Anis Rabiu Qazeem Opeyemi Ogunlowo Min-Hwi Kim Timothy Denen Akpenpuun Wook-Ho Na Kuljeet Singh Grewal Hyun-Woo Lee Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si Energies net-zero energy greenhouse hybrid renewable energy tank thermal energy storage borehole thermal energy storage heat pumps COP |
| title | Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si |
| title_full | Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si |
| title_short | Experimental Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable and Thermal Energy Storage Systems for a Net-Zero Energy Greenhouse: A Case Study of Yeoju-Si |
| title_sort | experimental evaluation of hybrid renewable and thermal energy storage systems for a net zero energy greenhouse a case study of yeoju si |
| topic | net-zero energy greenhouse hybrid renewable energy tank thermal energy storage borehole thermal energy storage heat pumps COP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2635 |
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