Caffeic Acid-Modified Mushroom Chitosan as a Natural Emulsifier for Soybean Oil-Based Emulsions and Its Application in β-Carotene Delivery

In this study, we developed a soybean oil-based emulsion system stabilized by caffeic acid-modified mushroom-derived chitosan, significantly enhancing its functional properties. The modification increased the grafting ratio from 5.02% to 8.26%, which greatly improved antioxidant activity and antimic...

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Main Authors: Jiaofen Lin, Jian Zeng, Guozong Shi, Zesheng Zhuo, Yanyun Guan, Zhipeng Li, Hui Ni, Peng Fei, Bingqing Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1108
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author Jiaofen Lin
Jian Zeng
Guozong Shi
Zesheng Zhuo
Yanyun Guan
Zhipeng Li
Hui Ni
Peng Fei
Bingqing Huang
author_facet Jiaofen Lin
Jian Zeng
Guozong Shi
Zesheng Zhuo
Yanyun Guan
Zhipeng Li
Hui Ni
Peng Fei
Bingqing Huang
author_sort Jiaofen Lin
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we developed a soybean oil-based emulsion system stabilized by caffeic acid-modified mushroom-derived chitosan, significantly enhancing its functional properties. The modification increased the grafting ratio from 5.02% to 8.26%, which greatly improved antioxidant activity and antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The modified chitosan exhibited superior rheological properties, including increased viscosity and elasticity, contributing to improved emulsification performance. Emulsions stabilized with caffeic acid-modified chitosan showed smaller and more uniform droplet sizes, along with greater stability, as indicated by a higher zeta potential (55.63 mV). These modifications resulted in enhanced β-carotene encapsulation efficiency (up to 87.46%) and improved bioaccessibility (up to 52.13%), highlighting the system’s potential as an efficient food-grade carrier for hydrophobic bioactive compounds. In conclusion, caffeic acid-modified mushroom chitosan is an effective natural emulsifier, enhancing stability, antioxidant activity, and nutrient delivery, and has promising applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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issn 2304-8158
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Foods
spelling doaj-art-c4f9aeaa01824b1fbfb5ee3967f432592025-08-20T02:15:58ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-03-01147110810.3390/foods14071108Caffeic Acid-Modified Mushroom Chitosan as a Natural Emulsifier for Soybean Oil-Based Emulsions and Its Application in β-Carotene DeliveryJiaofen Lin0Jian Zeng1Guozong Shi2Zesheng Zhuo3Yanyun Guan4Zhipeng Li5Hui Ni6Peng Fei7Bingqing Huang8Xiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Applied Technology Engineering Centre of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Applied Technology Engineering Centre of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Applied Technology Engineering Centre of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Applied Technology Engineering Centre of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Applied Technology Engineering Centre of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Applied Technology Engineering Centre of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, ChinaXiamen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Fishery, Applied Technology Engineering Centre of Fujian Provincial Higher Education for Marine Resource Protection and Ecological Governance, School of Marine Biology, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361100, ChinaInstitute of Food Science, School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, ChinaInstitute of Food Science, School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, ChinaIn this study, we developed a soybean oil-based emulsion system stabilized by caffeic acid-modified mushroom-derived chitosan, significantly enhancing its functional properties. The modification increased the grafting ratio from 5.02% to 8.26%, which greatly improved antioxidant activity and antimicrobial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The modified chitosan exhibited superior rheological properties, including increased viscosity and elasticity, contributing to improved emulsification performance. Emulsions stabilized with caffeic acid-modified chitosan showed smaller and more uniform droplet sizes, along with greater stability, as indicated by a higher zeta potential (55.63 mV). These modifications resulted in enhanced β-carotene encapsulation efficiency (up to 87.46%) and improved bioaccessibility (up to 52.13%), highlighting the system’s potential as an efficient food-grade carrier for hydrophobic bioactive compounds. In conclusion, caffeic acid-modified mushroom chitosan is an effective natural emulsifier, enhancing stability, antioxidant activity, and nutrient delivery, and has promising applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1108mushroom chitosansoybean oil emulsioncaffeic acid modificationβ-carotene delivery
spellingShingle Jiaofen Lin
Jian Zeng
Guozong Shi
Zesheng Zhuo
Yanyun Guan
Zhipeng Li
Hui Ni
Peng Fei
Bingqing Huang
Caffeic Acid-Modified Mushroom Chitosan as a Natural Emulsifier for Soybean Oil-Based Emulsions and Its Application in β-Carotene Delivery
Foods
mushroom chitosan
soybean oil emulsion
caffeic acid modification
β-carotene delivery
title Caffeic Acid-Modified Mushroom Chitosan as a Natural Emulsifier for Soybean Oil-Based Emulsions and Its Application in β-Carotene Delivery
title_full Caffeic Acid-Modified Mushroom Chitosan as a Natural Emulsifier for Soybean Oil-Based Emulsions and Its Application in β-Carotene Delivery
title_fullStr Caffeic Acid-Modified Mushroom Chitosan as a Natural Emulsifier for Soybean Oil-Based Emulsions and Its Application in β-Carotene Delivery
title_full_unstemmed Caffeic Acid-Modified Mushroom Chitosan as a Natural Emulsifier for Soybean Oil-Based Emulsions and Its Application in β-Carotene Delivery
title_short Caffeic Acid-Modified Mushroom Chitosan as a Natural Emulsifier for Soybean Oil-Based Emulsions and Its Application in β-Carotene Delivery
title_sort caffeic acid modified mushroom chitosan as a natural emulsifier for soybean oil based emulsions and its application in β carotene delivery
topic mushroom chitosan
soybean oil emulsion
caffeic acid modification
β-carotene delivery
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/7/1108
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