Beam-steering of a single-element nano-antenna with two transferring dielectric flat lenses

Abstract A novel idea for mechanical beam-steering based on a single hybrid plasmonic nano-antenna (NA) with transferring lenses is presented in this research. Two inhomogeneous rectangular dielectric flat lenses modelled with different materials are used in the switched-beam nano-antenna (NA) to bo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fatma E. Helmy, Ibrahim I. Ibrahim, Amany M. Saleh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03482-x
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Summary:Abstract A novel idea for mechanical beam-steering based on a single hybrid plasmonic nano-antenna (NA) with transferring lenses is presented in this research. Two inhomogeneous rectangular dielectric flat lenses modelled with different materials are used in the switched-beam nano-antenna (NA) to boost and steer radiation in a specific direction by shifting each lens. Firstly, a hybrid plasmonic NA design with two movable lenses is shown. Electromagnetic full-wave simulations examine the performance of this device, and the complete system is numerically evaluated. A conventional elliptical patch NA without lenses produces a gain of up to 10.7 dBi and a return loss of − 14.41 dB. The design with two gradient-index dielectric flat lenses is introduced to enhance antenna performance by improving gain while minimizing beam width. Furthermore, the beam-steering capabilities by displacement of the two lenses according to different positions of lenses along the X and Y-direction. By using the two gradient-index dielectric flat lenses, the gain is increased to 20.3 dBi with an improvement in the return loss reach to -24.9 dB compared with traditional NA. In addition, the beam-steering capabilities were achieved with a range  ± 45° × ± 40° with acceptable average antenna gain, side-lobe levels, and half power beam-width of 18 dBi, − 7.4 dB and 10.7° respectively. Moreover, the PSO algorithm is provided to maximize the pre-specified fitness function.
ISSN:2045-2322