Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A review
A sustainable approach to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production involves utilizing waste as a substrate, which can include toxic pollutants like phenol as a carbon feedstock. Phenol-contaminated effluents offer cost-effective and readily available resources for PHA production, while simult...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Current Research in Microbial Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000148 |
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| author | Izzati Sabri Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad Li Sim Ho Norhayati Ramli |
| author_facet | Izzati Sabri Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad Li Sim Ho Norhayati Ramli |
| author_sort | Izzati Sabri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A sustainable approach to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production involves utilizing waste as a substrate, which can include toxic pollutants like phenol as a carbon feedstock. Phenol-contaminated effluents offer cost-effective and readily available resources for PHA production, while simultaneously addressing phenol contamination issues. Understanding the metabolic conversion of phenol to PHA is crucial to enhance its efficiency, especially considering phenol's toxicity to microbial cells and the substrate-dependent nature of microbial PHA production. In this review, the mechanisms of phenol biodegradation and PHA biosynthesis are first independently elucidated to comprehend the role of bacteria in these processes. Phenol can be metabolized aerobically via various pathways, including catechol meta-cleavage I and II, catechol ortho-cleavage, protocatechuate ortho-cleavage, and protocatechuate meta-cleavage, as well as anaerobically via 4-hydrozybenzoate and/or n-caproate formation. Meanwhile, PHA can be synthesized through the acetoacetyl-CoA (pathway I), de novo fatty acids synthesis (pathway II), β-oxidation (pathway III), and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with the induction of these pathways are highly dependent on the substrate. Given that the link between these two mechanisms was not comprehensively reported before, the second part of the review delve into understanding phenol conversion into PHA, specifically polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). While phenol toxicity can inhibit bacterial performance, it can be alleviated through the utilization of microbial mixed culture (MMC), which offers a wider range of metabolic capabilities. Utilizing phenol as a carbon feedstock for PHB accumulation could offer a viable approach to boost PHA's commercialization while addressing the issue of phenol pollution. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4db610281da41f5bd24b5209311eaee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-5174 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Current Research in Microbial Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4db610281da41f5bd24b5209311eaee2025-01-31T05:12:28ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Microbial Sciences2666-51742025-01-018100352Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A reviewIzzati Sabri0Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff1Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad2Li Sim Ho3Norhayati Ramli4Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Bioinformatics Research, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaSD Guthrie Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author at: Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.A sustainable approach to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production involves utilizing waste as a substrate, which can include toxic pollutants like phenol as a carbon feedstock. Phenol-contaminated effluents offer cost-effective and readily available resources for PHA production, while simultaneously addressing phenol contamination issues. Understanding the metabolic conversion of phenol to PHA is crucial to enhance its efficiency, especially considering phenol's toxicity to microbial cells and the substrate-dependent nature of microbial PHA production. In this review, the mechanisms of phenol biodegradation and PHA biosynthesis are first independently elucidated to comprehend the role of bacteria in these processes. Phenol can be metabolized aerobically via various pathways, including catechol meta-cleavage I and II, catechol ortho-cleavage, protocatechuate ortho-cleavage, and protocatechuate meta-cleavage, as well as anaerobically via 4-hydrozybenzoate and/or n-caproate formation. Meanwhile, PHA can be synthesized through the acetoacetyl-CoA (pathway I), de novo fatty acids synthesis (pathway II), β-oxidation (pathway III), and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with the induction of these pathways are highly dependent on the substrate. Given that the link between these two mechanisms was not comprehensively reported before, the second part of the review delve into understanding phenol conversion into PHA, specifically polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). While phenol toxicity can inhibit bacterial performance, it can be alleviated through the utilization of microbial mixed culture (MMC), which offers a wider range of metabolic capabilities. Utilizing phenol as a carbon feedstock for PHB accumulation could offer a viable approach to boost PHA's commercialization while addressing the issue of phenol pollution.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000148BioplasticMicrobial communityPhenolPolyhydroxyalkanoatePolyhydroxybutyrate |
| spellingShingle | Izzati Sabri Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff Nor Azlan Nor Muhammad Li Sim Ho Norhayati Ramli Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A review Current Research in Microbial Sciences Bioplastic Microbial community Phenol Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polyhydroxybutyrate |
| title | Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A review |
| title_full | Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A review |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A review |
| title_short | Metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) for addressing dual environmental challenges: A review |
| title_sort | metabolic conversion of phenol to polyhydroxyalkanoate pha for addressing dual environmental challenges a review |
| topic | Bioplastic Microbial community Phenol Polyhydroxyalkanoate Polyhydroxybutyrate |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666517425000148 |
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