The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated Game
We examined the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance and fatigue during a soccer simulation in adolescent soccer players and evaluated the protocol’s reliability. Nine (13.5 ± 0.4 years pre-PHV) soccer players performed two soccer simulation intermittent exercise sessions on th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Sports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/6/192 |
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| author | Panagiotis G. Miliotis Spyridoula D. Ntalapera Dimitriοs C. Stergiopoulos Athanasios C. Zavvos Panagiota Klentrou Ifigeneia Giannopoulou Nickos D. Geladas |
| author_facet | Panagiotis G. Miliotis Spyridoula D. Ntalapera Dimitriοs C. Stergiopoulos Athanasios C. Zavvos Panagiota Klentrou Ifigeneia Giannopoulou Nickos D. Geladas |
| author_sort | Panagiotis G. Miliotis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We examined the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance and fatigue during a soccer simulation in adolescent soccer players and evaluated the protocol’s reliability. Nine (13.5 ± 0.4 years pre-PHV) soccer players performed two soccer simulation intermittent exercise sessions on the treadmill (60 min) while consuming 4 boluses of either a CHO or PLC beverage in random, counterbalanced order. Before and immediately after each exercise session, MVC was measured for the quadriceps and the hand. Participants also performed a TTE on a cycle ergometer on three occasions, after each simulation exercise session (CHO and PLC), and on another day in a rested state (CON). The simulation protocol produced an ICC of 0.96 ([0.77–0.98 95%CI], <i>p</i> = 0.01) for VO<sub>2</sub>, with 2.24%CV between trials, suggesting strong reliability. TTE was higher (<i>p</i> = 0.01) in the CHO condition (123 ± 33 s) compared to PLC (85 ± 5 s) by 29%. The relative reduction in MVC<sub>LEG</sub> was more pronounced in the PLC (22 ± 11%) condition than in CHO (14 ± 6%) (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Compared to the PLC, CHO resulted in lower RPE<sub>local</sub> during the second half of the simulation protocol (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Carbohydrate ingestion can improve endurance performance and reduce peripheral fatigue during a reliable soccer simulation that resembles the physiological demands of a youth soccer match. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4c287c7cabe4c98b34c3cc5b493f27d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4c287c7cabe4c98b34c3cc5b493f27d2025-08-20T03:27:33ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632025-06-0113619210.3390/sports13060192The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated GamePanagiotis G. Miliotis0Spyridoula D. Ntalapera1Dimitriοs C. Stergiopoulos2Athanasios C. Zavvos3Panagiota Klentrou4Ifigeneia Giannopoulou5Nickos D. Geladas6Section of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceSection of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceSection of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceSection of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, CanadaSection of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceSection of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, GreeceWe examined the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance and fatigue during a soccer simulation in adolescent soccer players and evaluated the protocol’s reliability. Nine (13.5 ± 0.4 years pre-PHV) soccer players performed two soccer simulation intermittent exercise sessions on the treadmill (60 min) while consuming 4 boluses of either a CHO or PLC beverage in random, counterbalanced order. Before and immediately after each exercise session, MVC was measured for the quadriceps and the hand. Participants also performed a TTE on a cycle ergometer on three occasions, after each simulation exercise session (CHO and PLC), and on another day in a rested state (CON). The simulation protocol produced an ICC of 0.96 ([0.77–0.98 95%CI], <i>p</i> = 0.01) for VO<sub>2</sub>, with 2.24%CV between trials, suggesting strong reliability. TTE was higher (<i>p</i> = 0.01) in the CHO condition (123 ± 33 s) compared to PLC (85 ± 5 s) by 29%. The relative reduction in MVC<sub>LEG</sub> was more pronounced in the PLC (22 ± 11%) condition than in CHO (14 ± 6%) (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Compared to the PLC, CHO resulted in lower RPE<sub>local</sub> during the second half of the simulation protocol (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Carbohydrate ingestion can improve endurance performance and reduce peripheral fatigue during a reliable soccer simulation that resembles the physiological demands of a youth soccer match.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/6/192physical performancecarbohydrate supplementationsoccer fatiguesoccer game simulation |
| spellingShingle | Panagiotis G. Miliotis Spyridoula D. Ntalapera Dimitriοs C. Stergiopoulos Athanasios C. Zavvos Panagiota Klentrou Ifigeneia Giannopoulou Nickos D. Geladas The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated Game Sports physical performance carbohydrate supplementation soccer fatigue soccer game simulation |
| title | The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated Game |
| title_full | The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated Game |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated Game |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated Game |
| title_short | The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated Game |
| title_sort | effect of carbohydrate ingestion on performance and indices of fatigue in adolescent soccer players during a simulated game |
| topic | physical performance carbohydrate supplementation soccer fatigue soccer game simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/6/192 |
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