The Effects Of Differing Density Of Swim-Training Sessions On Shoulder Range Of Motion and Isometric Force Production In National and University Level Swimmers
# Background Well-developed physical qualities (i.e., greater load capacity) in athletes can provide protection against injuries. Although higher competitive level swimmers have more developed physical qualities, no studies have investigated how physical qualities of the shoulder respond to a swim-...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
North American Sports Medicine Institute
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.72717 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1825197041273274368 |
|---|---|
| author | Matias Yoma Lee Herrington Tanya Mackenzie |
| author_facet | Matias Yoma Lee Herrington Tanya Mackenzie |
| author_sort | Matias Yoma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | # Background
Well-developed physical qualities (i.e., greater load capacity) in athletes can provide protection against injuries. Although higher competitive level swimmers have more developed physical qualities, no studies have investigated how physical qualities of the shoulder respond to a swim-training session in different competitive levels.
# Purpose
To compare baseline shoulder external rotation range of motion (ER ROM) and isometric peak torque of the shoulder internal rotators (IR) and external rotators (ER) between national and university level swimmers with differing training volumes. To compare the post-swim changes of these physical qualities between groups.
# Study design
Cross-sectional.
# Methods
Ten male swimmers (age= 18.7 ± 1.2 years) were divided into high-load (N= 5 national-level, weekly swim-volume= 37.0 ± 2.7 km) and low-load groups (N= 5 university-level, weekly swim-volume= 6.8 ± 1.8 km). For each group, shoulder active ER ROM and isometric peak torque of the shoulder IR and ER were measured before and immediately after a high-intensity swim-training session (for each group, the hardest swim-session of the week was analyzed). The results were evaluated by the level of significance (p-value), effect size, and whether changes exceeded the measurement error.
# Results
University-level swimmers had lower baseline ER torque (p= 0.006; d= 2.55) and IR torque (p= 0.011; d= 2.42) than national-level swimmers. For post-swim analysis, ER ROM decreased more in university swimmers (change= -6.3° to -8.4°; d= 0.75-1.05) than national counterparts (change= -1.9° to -5.7°; d= 0.43-0.95). Greater drops in rotation torque were found in university swimmers (IR change= -15% to -21.0%; d= 0.83-1.66; ER change= -9.0% to -17.0%; d= 1.14-1.28) compared to national swimmers (IR change= -10.0% to -13.0%; d= 0.61-0.91; ER change= -3.7% to -9.1%; d= 0.50-0.96). The average change of all tests in university swimmers exceeded the minimal detectable change (MDC), whereas in national level swimmers some tests exceeded the MDC. Despite this, only post-swim ER torque in the dominant side (p= 0.003; d= 1.18) was significantly lower in university swimmers (possibly due to the small sample size).
# Conclusions
University swimmers have less baseline shoulder external and internal rotator torque and had greater drops of all shoulder physical qualities after a swim-training session, which may have implications for injury risk. However, due to the sample size, the results have to be interpreted with caution.
# Level of evidence
3 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4b9247c1ce94ff0ba295e70f73ff789 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2159-2896 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | North American Sports Medicine Institute |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4b9247c1ce94ff0ba295e70f73ff7892025-02-11T20:27:38ZengNorth American Sports Medicine InstituteInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy2159-28962023-04-01182The Effects Of Differing Density Of Swim-Training Sessions On Shoulder Range Of Motion and Isometric Force Production In National and University Level SwimmersMatias YomaLee HerringtonTanya Mackenzie# Background Well-developed physical qualities (i.e., greater load capacity) in athletes can provide protection against injuries. Although higher competitive level swimmers have more developed physical qualities, no studies have investigated how physical qualities of the shoulder respond to a swim-training session in different competitive levels. # Purpose To compare baseline shoulder external rotation range of motion (ER ROM) and isometric peak torque of the shoulder internal rotators (IR) and external rotators (ER) between national and university level swimmers with differing training volumes. To compare the post-swim changes of these physical qualities between groups. # Study design Cross-sectional. # Methods Ten male swimmers (age= 18.7 ± 1.2 years) were divided into high-load (N= 5 national-level, weekly swim-volume= 37.0 ± 2.7 km) and low-load groups (N= 5 university-level, weekly swim-volume= 6.8 ± 1.8 km). For each group, shoulder active ER ROM and isometric peak torque of the shoulder IR and ER were measured before and immediately after a high-intensity swim-training session (for each group, the hardest swim-session of the week was analyzed). The results were evaluated by the level of significance (p-value), effect size, and whether changes exceeded the measurement error. # Results University-level swimmers had lower baseline ER torque (p= 0.006; d= 2.55) and IR torque (p= 0.011; d= 2.42) than national-level swimmers. For post-swim analysis, ER ROM decreased more in university swimmers (change= -6.3° to -8.4°; d= 0.75-1.05) than national counterparts (change= -1.9° to -5.7°; d= 0.43-0.95). Greater drops in rotation torque were found in university swimmers (IR change= -15% to -21.0%; d= 0.83-1.66; ER change= -9.0% to -17.0%; d= 1.14-1.28) compared to national swimmers (IR change= -10.0% to -13.0%; d= 0.61-0.91; ER change= -3.7% to -9.1%; d= 0.50-0.96). The average change of all tests in university swimmers exceeded the minimal detectable change (MDC), whereas in national level swimmers some tests exceeded the MDC. Despite this, only post-swim ER torque in the dominant side (p= 0.003; d= 1.18) was significantly lower in university swimmers (possibly due to the small sample size). # Conclusions University swimmers have less baseline shoulder external and internal rotator torque and had greater drops of all shoulder physical qualities after a swim-training session, which may have implications for injury risk. However, due to the sample size, the results have to be interpreted with caution. # Level of evidence 3https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.72717 |
| spellingShingle | Matias Yoma Lee Herrington Tanya Mackenzie The Effects Of Differing Density Of Swim-Training Sessions On Shoulder Range Of Motion and Isometric Force Production In National and University Level Swimmers International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy |
| title | The Effects Of Differing Density Of Swim-Training Sessions On Shoulder Range Of Motion and Isometric Force Production In National and University Level Swimmers |
| title_full | The Effects Of Differing Density Of Swim-Training Sessions On Shoulder Range Of Motion and Isometric Force Production In National and University Level Swimmers |
| title_fullStr | The Effects Of Differing Density Of Swim-Training Sessions On Shoulder Range Of Motion and Isometric Force Production In National and University Level Swimmers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects Of Differing Density Of Swim-Training Sessions On Shoulder Range Of Motion and Isometric Force Production In National and University Level Swimmers |
| title_short | The Effects Of Differing Density Of Swim-Training Sessions On Shoulder Range Of Motion and Isometric Force Production In National and University Level Swimmers |
| title_sort | effects of differing density of swim training sessions on shoulder range of motion and isometric force production in national and university level swimmers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.72717 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matiasyoma theeffectsofdifferingdensityofswimtrainingsessionsonshoulderrangeofmotionandisometricforceproductioninnationalanduniversitylevelswimmers AT leeherrington theeffectsofdifferingdensityofswimtrainingsessionsonshoulderrangeofmotionandisometricforceproductioninnationalanduniversitylevelswimmers AT tanyamackenzie theeffectsofdifferingdensityofswimtrainingsessionsonshoulderrangeofmotionandisometricforceproductioninnationalanduniversitylevelswimmers AT matiasyoma effectsofdifferingdensityofswimtrainingsessionsonshoulderrangeofmotionandisometricforceproductioninnationalanduniversitylevelswimmers AT leeherrington effectsofdifferingdensityofswimtrainingsessionsonshoulderrangeofmotionandisometricforceproductioninnationalanduniversitylevelswimmers AT tanyamackenzie effectsofdifferingdensityofswimtrainingsessionsonshoulderrangeofmotionandisometricforceproductioninnationalanduniversitylevelswimmers |