RE-BPFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchain Based on Node Credibility and ID3-Based Classification

Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) has been widely used in consortium blockchain systems; however, it suffers from performance degradation and susceptibility to Byzantine faults in complex environments. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes RE-BPFT, an enhanced consensus algorit...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Junwen Ding, Xu Wu, Jie Tian, Yuanpeng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7591
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849319959175364608
author Junwen Ding
Xu Wu
Jie Tian
Yuanpeng Li
author_facet Junwen Ding
Xu Wu
Jie Tian
Yuanpeng Li
author_sort Junwen Ding
collection DOAJ
description Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) has been widely used in consortium blockchain systems; however, it suffers from performance degradation and susceptibility to Byzantine faults in complex environments. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes RE-BPFT, an enhanced consensus algorithm that integrates a nuanced node credibility model considering direct interactions, indirect reputations, and historical behavior. Additionally, we adopt an optimized ID3 decision-tree method for node classification, dynamically identifying high-performing, trustworthy, ordinary, and malicious nodes based on real-time data. To address issues related to centralization risk in leader selection, we introduce a weighted random primary node election mechanism. We implemented a prototype of the RE-BPFT algorithm in Python and conducted extensive evaluations across diverse network scales and transaction scenarios. Experimental results indicate that RE-BPFT markedly reduces consensus latency and communication costs while achieving higher throughput and better scalability than classical PBFT, RBFT, and PPoR algorithms. Thus, RE-BPFT demonstrates significant advantages for large-scale and high-demand consortium blockchain use cases, particularly in areas like digital traceability and forensic data management. The insights gained from this study offer valuable improvements for ensuring node reliability, consensus performance, and overall system resilience.
format Article
id doaj-art-c4a29f7a0bc04b98b719bb178baa27b9
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-c4a29f7a0bc04b98b719bb178baa27b92025-08-20T03:50:16ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011513759110.3390/app15137591RE-BPFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchain Based on Node Credibility and ID3-Based ClassificationJunwen Ding0Xu Wu1Jie Tian2Yuanpeng Li3School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaSchool of Information Science and Technology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, ChinaSchool of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaSchool of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, ChinaPractical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) has been widely used in consortium blockchain systems; however, it suffers from performance degradation and susceptibility to Byzantine faults in complex environments. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes RE-BPFT, an enhanced consensus algorithm that integrates a nuanced node credibility model considering direct interactions, indirect reputations, and historical behavior. Additionally, we adopt an optimized ID3 decision-tree method for node classification, dynamically identifying high-performing, trustworthy, ordinary, and malicious nodes based on real-time data. To address issues related to centralization risk in leader selection, we introduce a weighted random primary node election mechanism. We implemented a prototype of the RE-BPFT algorithm in Python and conducted extensive evaluations across diverse network scales and transaction scenarios. Experimental results indicate that RE-BPFT markedly reduces consensus latency and communication costs while achieving higher throughput and better scalability than classical PBFT, RBFT, and PPoR algorithms. Thus, RE-BPFT demonstrates significant advantages for large-scale and high-demand consortium blockchain use cases, particularly in areas like digital traceability and forensic data management. The insights gained from this study offer valuable improvements for ensuring node reliability, consensus performance, and overall system resilience.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7591PBFTconsensus algorithmnode credibilityID3 decision treeconsortium blockchain
spellingShingle Junwen Ding
Xu Wu
Jie Tian
Yuanpeng Li
RE-BPFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchain Based on Node Credibility and ID3-Based Classification
Applied Sciences
PBFT
consensus algorithm
node credibility
ID3 decision tree
consortium blockchain
title RE-BPFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchain Based on Node Credibility and ID3-Based Classification
title_full RE-BPFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchain Based on Node Credibility and ID3-Based Classification
title_fullStr RE-BPFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchain Based on Node Credibility and ID3-Based Classification
title_full_unstemmed RE-BPFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchain Based on Node Credibility and ID3-Based Classification
title_short RE-BPFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm for Consortium Blockchain Based on Node Credibility and ID3-Based Classification
title_sort re bpft an improved pbft consensus algorithm for consortium blockchain based on node credibility and id3 based classification
topic PBFT
consensus algorithm
node credibility
ID3 decision tree
consortium blockchain
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/7591
work_keys_str_mv AT junwending rebpftanimprovedpbftconsensusalgorithmforconsortiumblockchainbasedonnodecredibilityandid3basedclassification
AT xuwu rebpftanimprovedpbftconsensusalgorithmforconsortiumblockchainbasedonnodecredibilityandid3basedclassification
AT jietian rebpftanimprovedpbftconsensusalgorithmforconsortiumblockchainbasedonnodecredibilityandid3basedclassification
AT yuanpengli rebpftanimprovedpbftconsensusalgorithmforconsortiumblockchainbasedonnodecredibilityandid3basedclassification