A Subunit Vaccine Harboring the Fusion Capsid Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Types 2, 3, and 4 Induces Protective Immune Responses in a Mouse Model

Coinfections with porcine circovirus types 2, 3, and 4 (PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4) are increasingly being detected in the swine industry. However, there is no commercially available vaccine which prevents coinfection with PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4. The development of a vaccine expressing capsid (Cap) fusion p...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qikai Wang, Ran Zhang, Yue Wang, Ying Wang, Libin Liang, Haili Ma, Haidong Wang, Longlong Si, Xingchen Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Viruses
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1964
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850085107975585792
author Qikai Wang
Ran Zhang
Yue Wang
Ying Wang
Libin Liang
Haili Ma
Haidong Wang
Longlong Si
Xingchen Wu
author_facet Qikai Wang
Ran Zhang
Yue Wang
Ying Wang
Libin Liang
Haili Ma
Haidong Wang
Longlong Si
Xingchen Wu
author_sort Qikai Wang
collection DOAJ
description Coinfections with porcine circovirus types 2, 3, and 4 (PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4) are increasingly being detected in the swine industry. However, there is no commercially available vaccine which prevents coinfection with PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4. The development of a vaccine expressing capsid (Cap) fusion proteins of multiple PCVs represents a promising approach for broadly preventing infection with PCVs. In this study, we developed a PCV subunit vaccine candidate (Cap 2-3-4) by predicting, screening, and fusing antigenic epitopes of Cap proteins of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4. Immunoprotection assays showed that the prokaryotic expression of Cap 2-3-4 could effectively induce high levels of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 Cap-specific antibodies and successfully neutralize both PCV2 and PCV3. Furthermore, Cap 2-3-4 demonstrated a potent ability to activate cellular immunity and thus prevent lung damage in mice. This study provides a new option for the development of broad vaccines against PCVs.
format Article
id doaj-art-c49e3a9aae7843b5b0f4a42af0ca2acc
institution DOAJ
issn 1999-4915
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Viruses
spelling doaj-art-c49e3a9aae7843b5b0f4a42af0ca2acc2025-08-20T02:43:49ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-12-011612196410.3390/v16121964A Subunit Vaccine Harboring the Fusion Capsid Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Types 2, 3, and 4 Induces Protective Immune Responses in a Mouse ModelQikai Wang0Ran Zhang1Yue Wang2Ying Wang3Libin Liang4Haili Ma5Haidong Wang6Longlong Si7Xingchen Wu8College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaKey Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCoinfections with porcine circovirus types 2, 3, and 4 (PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4) are increasingly being detected in the swine industry. However, there is no commercially available vaccine which prevents coinfection with PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4. The development of a vaccine expressing capsid (Cap) fusion proteins of multiple PCVs represents a promising approach for broadly preventing infection with PCVs. In this study, we developed a PCV subunit vaccine candidate (Cap 2-3-4) by predicting, screening, and fusing antigenic epitopes of Cap proteins of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4. Immunoprotection assays showed that the prokaryotic expression of Cap 2-3-4 could effectively induce high levels of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4 Cap-specific antibodies and successfully neutralize both PCV2 and PCV3. Furthermore, Cap 2-3-4 demonstrated a potent ability to activate cellular immunity and thus prevent lung damage in mice. This study provides a new option for the development of broad vaccines against PCVs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1964porcine circoviruscapsidantigenic epitopefusion proteinsubunit vaccineimmunogenicity
spellingShingle Qikai Wang
Ran Zhang
Yue Wang
Ying Wang
Libin Liang
Haili Ma
Haidong Wang
Longlong Si
Xingchen Wu
A Subunit Vaccine Harboring the Fusion Capsid Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Types 2, 3, and 4 Induces Protective Immune Responses in a Mouse Model
Viruses
porcine circovirus
capsid
antigenic epitope
fusion protein
subunit vaccine
immunogenicity
title A Subunit Vaccine Harboring the Fusion Capsid Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Types 2, 3, and 4 Induces Protective Immune Responses in a Mouse Model
title_full A Subunit Vaccine Harboring the Fusion Capsid Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Types 2, 3, and 4 Induces Protective Immune Responses in a Mouse Model
title_fullStr A Subunit Vaccine Harboring the Fusion Capsid Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Types 2, 3, and 4 Induces Protective Immune Responses in a Mouse Model
title_full_unstemmed A Subunit Vaccine Harboring the Fusion Capsid Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Types 2, 3, and 4 Induces Protective Immune Responses in a Mouse Model
title_short A Subunit Vaccine Harboring the Fusion Capsid Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Types 2, 3, and 4 Induces Protective Immune Responses in a Mouse Model
title_sort subunit vaccine harboring the fusion capsid proteins of porcine circovirus types 2 3 and 4 induces protective immune responses in a mouse model
topic porcine circovirus
capsid
antigenic epitope
fusion protein
subunit vaccine
immunogenicity
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1964
work_keys_str_mv AT qikaiwang asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT ranzhang asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT yuewang asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT yingwang asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT libinliang asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT hailima asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT haidongwang asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT longlongsi asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT xingchenwu asubunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT qikaiwang subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT ranzhang subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT yuewang subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT yingwang subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT libinliang subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT hailima subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT haidongwang subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT longlongsi subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel
AT xingchenwu subunitvaccineharboringthefusioncapsidproteinsofporcinecircovirustypes23and4inducesprotectiveimmuneresponsesinamousemodel