Sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial on pain and wound healing

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of serial interferential current stimulation on postoperative pain and wound healing after sternotomy in cardiac rehabilitation. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial. Subjects/Patients: 200 patients underg...

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Main Authors: Nils Schulz, Gian Vo, Pascal van Wijnen, Tim Wilhelmi, Michael Coch, Uwe Lange, Philipp Klemm
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Medical Journals Sweden 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
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Online Access:https://medicaljournalssweden.se/jrm/article/view/43941
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author Nils Schulz
Gian Vo
Pascal van Wijnen
Tim Wilhelmi
Michael Coch
Uwe Lange
Philipp Klemm
author_facet Nils Schulz
Gian Vo
Pascal van Wijnen
Tim Wilhelmi
Michael Coch
Uwe Lange
Philipp Klemm
author_sort Nils Schulz
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of serial interferential current stimulation on postoperative pain and wound healing after sternotomy in cardiac rehabilitation. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial. Subjects/Patients: 200 patients undergoing open-heart surgery via sternotomy were enrolled during inpatient cardiac rehabilitation, 8 to 12 days postoperatively. Methods: Patients were randomized into an intervention group receiving interferential current stimulation over the sternum (six sessions across 21 days) or a control group receiving sham stimulation. All participants underwent the same standardized cardiac rehabilitation program. The primary outcome was pain reduction over 21 days. Secondary outcomes included analgesic use, inflammatory cytokine levels, pulmonary function, wound healing, and adverse events. Results: Interferential current stimulation significantly reduced pain scores compared to sham treatment. Analgesic use decreased more in the intervention group. A greater reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 levels was observed. Pulmonary function and quality of life improved in both groups without significant between-group differences. No adverse effects or wound infections occurred in the intervention group. Conclusion: Serial interferential current stimulation is a safe, effective non-pharmacological therapy for reducing post-sternotomy pain and analgesic use in cardiac rehabilitation. The effect may be mediated by modulation of inflammatory cytokines.
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series Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
spelling doaj-art-c49b527c33254a77bb5f98f9ec3372ed2025-08-20T13:46:58ZengMedical Journals SwedenJournal of Rehabilitation Medicine1651-20812025-08-015710.2340/jrm.v57.43941Sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial on pain and wound healingNils Schulz0Gian Vo1Pascal van Wijnen2Tim Wilhelmi3Michael Coch4Uwe Lange5Philipp Klemm6Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Median-Klinik am Südpark, Bad Nauheim, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology, Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology, Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Median-Klinik am Südpark, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos, SwitzerlandDepartment of Rheumatology, Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology, Immunology, Osteology and Physical Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, Kerckhoff Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of serial interferential current stimulation on postoperative pain and wound healing after sternotomy in cardiac rehabilitation. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial. Subjects/Patients: 200 patients undergoing open-heart surgery via sternotomy were enrolled during inpatient cardiac rehabilitation, 8 to 12 days postoperatively. Methods: Patients were randomized into an intervention group receiving interferential current stimulation over the sternum (six sessions across 21 days) or a control group receiving sham stimulation. All participants underwent the same standardized cardiac rehabilitation program. The primary outcome was pain reduction over 21 days. Secondary outcomes included analgesic use, inflammatory cytokine levels, pulmonary function, wound healing, and adverse events. Results: Interferential current stimulation significantly reduced pain scores compared to sham treatment. Analgesic use decreased more in the intervention group. A greater reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 levels was observed. Pulmonary function and quality of life improved in both groups without significant between-group differences. No adverse effects or wound infections occurred in the intervention group. Conclusion: Serial interferential current stimulation is a safe, effective non-pharmacological therapy for reducing post-sternotomy pain and analgesic use in cardiac rehabilitation. The effect may be mediated by modulation of inflammatory cytokines. https://medicaljournalssweden.se/jrm/article/view/43941Cardiac RehabilitationCytokinesElectric Stimulation TherapyPain ManagementPostoperative PainSternotomy
spellingShingle Nils Schulz
Gian Vo
Pascal van Wijnen
Tim Wilhelmi
Michael Coch
Uwe Lange
Philipp Klemm
Sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial on pain and wound healing
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cytokines
Electric Stimulation Therapy
Pain Management
Postoperative Pain
Sternotomy
title Sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial on pain and wound healing
title_full Sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial on pain and wound healing
title_fullStr Sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial on pain and wound healing
title_full_unstemmed Sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial on pain and wound healing
title_short Sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial on pain and wound healing
title_sort sternal interferential current stimulation after sternotomy a randomized sham controlled trial on pain and wound healing
topic Cardiac Rehabilitation
Cytokines
Electric Stimulation Therapy
Pain Management
Postoperative Pain
Sternotomy
url https://medicaljournalssweden.se/jrm/article/view/43941
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