The next frontier in osseointegration: energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by UV photofunctionalization
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to redefine biomechanical understanding of osseointegration by dissecting its multi-faceted nature—strength, stiffness, energy, and the speed of development—through in vivo analysis Methods Titanium implants were placed bilaterally in rat femurs, with one side recei...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Implant Dentistry |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-025-00638-2 |
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| author | Takanori Matsuura Keiji Komatsu Rune Shibata Toshikatsu Suzumura Justin Choi Takahiro Ogawa |
| author_facet | Takanori Matsuura Keiji Komatsu Rune Shibata Toshikatsu Suzumura Justin Choi Takahiro Ogawa |
| author_sort | Takanori Matsuura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose This study aimed to redefine biomechanical understanding of osseointegration by dissecting its multi-faceted nature—strength, stiffness, energy, and the speed of development—through in vivo analysis Methods Titanium implants were placed bilaterally in rat femurs, with one side receiving ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization and the contralateral side serving as untreated control. Biomechanical push-in tests were performed at day 4, and weeks 1 to 3 post-implantation. Yield strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and energy were measured over time, and their rates of change were calculated to assess dynamic progression. Mineralization at the bone–implant interface was quantified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results Yield strength followed a second-degree growth curve, plateauing over time in control implants. Derivative analysis revealed that the speed of strength gain peaked early and then declined. In contrast, osseointegration energy steadily increased throughout healing, with its rate of gain accelerating over time. Yield strength correlated quadratically with peri-implant mineralized tissue, indicating early saturation, while energy and toughness showed a continuous linear relationship. UV photofunctionalization enhanced all biomechanical parameters. Notably, it accelerated early strength acquisition (up to 3-fold) and markedly increased both energy (up to 3.4-fold) and its rate of development (up to 4.9-fold). Conclusions By introducing energy and its speed as novel indices, this study offers a more dynamic and functionally relevant framework for evaluating osseointegration. UV photofunctionalization not only accelerates early mechanical stability but amplifies energy acquisition at the bone–implant interface, promoting faster and more robust development of mechanical resilience. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c46c486233864c2aa55ae7a5b4d30cda |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2198-4034 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Implant Dentistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-c46c486233864c2aa55ae7a5b4d30cda2025-08-20T03:05:20ZengSpringerOpenInternational Journal of Implant Dentistry2198-40342025-08-0111111610.1186/s40729-025-00638-2The next frontier in osseointegration: energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by UV photofunctionalizationTakanori Matsuura0Keiji Komatsu1Rune Shibata2Toshikatsu Suzumura3Justin Choi4Takahiro Ogawa5Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryWeintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryWeintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryWeintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryWeintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryWeintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of DentistryAbstract Purpose This study aimed to redefine biomechanical understanding of osseointegration by dissecting its multi-faceted nature—strength, stiffness, energy, and the speed of development—through in vivo analysis Methods Titanium implants were placed bilaterally in rat femurs, with one side receiving ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization and the contralateral side serving as untreated control. Biomechanical push-in tests were performed at day 4, and weeks 1 to 3 post-implantation. Yield strength, elastic modulus, toughness, and energy were measured over time, and their rates of change were calculated to assess dynamic progression. Mineralization at the bone–implant interface was quantified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results Yield strength followed a second-degree growth curve, plateauing over time in control implants. Derivative analysis revealed that the speed of strength gain peaked early and then declined. In contrast, osseointegration energy steadily increased throughout healing, with its rate of gain accelerating over time. Yield strength correlated quadratically with peri-implant mineralized tissue, indicating early saturation, while energy and toughness showed a continuous linear relationship. UV photofunctionalization enhanced all biomechanical parameters. Notably, it accelerated early strength acquisition (up to 3-fold) and markedly increased both energy (up to 3.4-fold) and its rate of development (up to 4.9-fold). Conclusions By introducing energy and its speed as novel indices, this study offers a more dynamic and functionally relevant framework for evaluating osseointegration. UV photofunctionalization not only accelerates early mechanical stability but amplifies energy acquisition at the bone–implant interface, promoting faster and more robust development of mechanical resilience. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-025-00638-2Titanium implantOsseointegrationBiomechanical testUltraviolet lightPhotofunctionalization |
| spellingShingle | Takanori Matsuura Keiji Komatsu Rune Shibata Toshikatsu Suzumura Justin Choi Takahiro Ogawa The next frontier in osseointegration: energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by UV photofunctionalization International Journal of Implant Dentistry Titanium implant Osseointegration Biomechanical test Ultraviolet light Photofunctionalization |
| title | The next frontier in osseointegration: energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by UV photofunctionalization |
| title_full | The next frontier in osseointegration: energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by UV photofunctionalization |
| title_fullStr | The next frontier in osseointegration: energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by UV photofunctionalization |
| title_full_unstemmed | The next frontier in osseointegration: energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by UV photofunctionalization |
| title_short | The next frontier in osseointegration: energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by UV photofunctionalization |
| title_sort | next frontier in osseointegration energy and speed as critical determinants and their enhancement by uv photofunctionalization |
| topic | Titanium implant Osseointegration Biomechanical test Ultraviolet light Photofunctionalization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-025-00638-2 |
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