Evaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors, considering sex differences

Abstract Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates are rising rapidly worldwide, making it crucial to implement simple and effective screening measures to identify individuals at increased risk for CVD risk factors. This study aims to examine the relationship between innovative anthropometric ind...

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Main Authors: Behzad Ensan, Farzam Kamrani, Hanieh Gholamalizadeh, Mohsen Rezaee, Hamed Hashemi Shahri, Habibollah Esmaily, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan, Mohsen Moohebati, Susan Darroudi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00763-z
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author Behzad Ensan
Farzam Kamrani
Hanieh Gholamalizadeh
Mohsen Rezaee
Hamed Hashemi Shahri
Habibollah Esmaily
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Mohsen Moohebati
Susan Darroudi
author_facet Behzad Ensan
Farzam Kamrani
Hanieh Gholamalizadeh
Mohsen Rezaee
Hamed Hashemi Shahri
Habibollah Esmaily
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Mohsen Moohebati
Susan Darroudi
author_sort Behzad Ensan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates are rising rapidly worldwide, making it crucial to implement simple and effective screening measures to identify individuals at increased risk for CVD risk factors. This study aims to examine the relationship between innovative anthropometric indices and the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors among the population of Mashhad, located in northeastern Iran, over a ten-year follow-up period. Methods In this cohort study, a total of 9704 individuals aged 35–65 years were recruited at baseline, with 7560 individuals completing the study. Anthropometric indices were measured and calculated using standardized methods. After a 10-year follow-up, the incidence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and their association with each anthropometric index were determined using Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to assess the predictive capacity of each index for the CVD risk factors. Results We found that WHtR exhibited the strongest association with various CVD risk factors. However, the predictive capacity of BMI was higher than other indices in DM and MetS (AUCs: 0.69 and 0.78, respectively). Moreover, BMI, WHtR, and BRI showed equal discriminatory power to predict HTN (AUCs: 0.61). Our analysis indicated that Iranian individuals with a BMI of more than 24.71, 26, and 25.2 kg/m2 are at a 54%, 88%, and 121% increased risk for the development of HTN, DM, and MetS over 10 years; respectively. Conclusion In this study, BMI was identified as the most powerful predictor of CVD risk factors among the anthropometric indices examined. These findings support previous research indicating that BMI is a valuable screening tool for identifying individuals at higher risk of developing CVDs and associated conditions. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-c45dff36e5d140a397bc3741abbfcc072025-08-20T02:13:20ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-02-0144111310.1186/s41043-025-00763-zEvaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors, considering sex differencesBehzad Ensan0Farzam Kamrani1Hanieh Gholamalizadeh2Mohsen Rezaee3Hamed Hashemi Shahri4Habibollah Esmaily5Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan6Mohsen Moohebati7Susan Darroudi8Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesVascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAbstract Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates are rising rapidly worldwide, making it crucial to implement simple and effective screening measures to identify individuals at increased risk for CVD risk factors. This study aims to examine the relationship between innovative anthropometric indices and the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors among the population of Mashhad, located in northeastern Iran, over a ten-year follow-up period. Methods In this cohort study, a total of 9704 individuals aged 35–65 years were recruited at baseline, with 7560 individuals completing the study. Anthropometric indices were measured and calculated using standardized methods. After a 10-year follow-up, the incidence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and their association with each anthropometric index were determined using Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to assess the predictive capacity of each index for the CVD risk factors. Results We found that WHtR exhibited the strongest association with various CVD risk factors. However, the predictive capacity of BMI was higher than other indices in DM and MetS (AUCs: 0.69 and 0.78, respectively). Moreover, BMI, WHtR, and BRI showed equal discriminatory power to predict HTN (AUCs: 0.61). Our analysis indicated that Iranian individuals with a BMI of more than 24.71, 26, and 25.2 kg/m2 are at a 54%, 88%, and 121% increased risk for the development of HTN, DM, and MetS over 10 years; respectively. Conclusion In this study, BMI was identified as the most powerful predictor of CVD risk factors among the anthropometric indices examined. These findings support previous research indicating that BMI is a valuable screening tool for identifying individuals at higher risk of developing CVDs and associated conditions. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00763-zAnthropometric indicesCardiovascular risk factorsCVD
spellingShingle Behzad Ensan
Farzam Kamrani
Hanieh Gholamalizadeh
Mohsen Rezaee
Hamed Hashemi Shahri
Habibollah Esmaily
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Mohsen Moohebati
Susan Darroudi
Evaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors, considering sex differences
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Anthropometric indices
Cardiovascular risk factors
CVD
title Evaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors, considering sex differences
title_full Evaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors, considering sex differences
title_fullStr Evaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors, considering sex differences
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors, considering sex differences
title_short Evaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors, considering sex differences
title_sort evaluating the discriminatory capacity of traditional and novel anthropometric indices in cardiovascular disease risk factors considering sex differences
topic Anthropometric indices
Cardiovascular risk factors
CVD
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00763-z
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