The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations

We investigate the properties of nucleons at finite temperature and density using a two-flavor quark meson model with Gaussian fluctuations that extend beyond the mean-field approximation. Our findings suggest that Gaussian fluctuations lead to a non-monotonic behavior of the nucleon mass as a funct...

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Main Authors: Peixin Weng, Bingtao Li, Yiming Lyu, Song Shu, Hui Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Physics Letters B
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026932500348X
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author Peixin Weng
Bingtao Li
Yiming Lyu
Song Shu
Hui Zhang
author_facet Peixin Weng
Bingtao Li
Yiming Lyu
Song Shu
Hui Zhang
author_sort Peixin Weng
collection DOAJ
description We investigate the properties of nucleons at finite temperature and density using a two-flavor quark meson model with Gaussian fluctuations that extend beyond the mean-field approximation. Our findings suggest that Gaussian fluctuations lead to a non-monotonic behavior of the nucleon mass as a function of temperature and density, which may play an important role in the study of the hadronization process of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Moreover, we observe an increase in the nucleon radius due to Gaussian fluctuations, suggesting an effective repulsive force akin to the Casimir effect, as observed in the gold-bromobenzene-silica system. This study offers new insights into how temperature, density, and quantum fluctuations affect the structure and properties of nucleons under extreme conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-c45c6dd3e88e482b9040de3d4817efb42025-08-20T03:08:54ZengElsevierPhysics Letters B0370-26932025-08-0186713958710.1016/j.physletb.2025.139587The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuationsPeixin Weng0Bingtao Li1Yiming Lyu2Song Shu3Hui Zhang4State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (MOE), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (MOE), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (MOE), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaSchool of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangzhou 510006, China; Physics Department and Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, 2401 N Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408, USAWe investigate the properties of nucleons at finite temperature and density using a two-flavor quark meson model with Gaussian fluctuations that extend beyond the mean-field approximation. Our findings suggest that Gaussian fluctuations lead to a non-monotonic behavior of the nucleon mass as a function of temperature and density, which may play an important role in the study of the hadronization process of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Moreover, we observe an increase in the nucleon radius due to Gaussian fluctuations, suggesting an effective repulsive force akin to the Casimir effect, as observed in the gold-bromobenzene-silica system. This study offers new insights into how temperature, density, and quantum fluctuations affect the structure and properties of nucleons under extreme conditions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026932500348XChiral soliton modelNucleon massGaussian fluctuations
spellingShingle Peixin Weng
Bingtao Li
Yiming Lyu
Song Shu
Hui Zhang
The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations
Physics Letters B
Chiral soliton model
Nucleon mass
Gaussian fluctuations
title The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations
title_full The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations
title_fullStr The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations
title_full_unstemmed The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations
title_short The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations
title_sort nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with gaussian fluctuations
topic Chiral soliton model
Nucleon mass
Gaussian fluctuations
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037026932500348X
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