Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
Bluetongue is a non-zoonotic arboviral disease transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Among 1,347 Culicoides species, 30 are known to be vectors of the disease. Bluetongue affects domestic and wild ruminants across all continents, except the Antarctica, causing growing economic losses...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Virology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1448192/full |
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| author | Sara Thabet Sara Thabet Rim Lajnef |
| author_facet | Sara Thabet Sara Thabet Rim Lajnef |
| author_sort | Sara Thabet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bluetongue is a non-zoonotic arboviral disease transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Among 1,347 Culicoides species, 30 are known to be vectors of the disease. Bluetongue affects domestic and wild ruminants across all continents, except the Antarctica, causing growing economic losses in livestock production and international trade. In this work, we focused on potential mechanisms underlying the bluetongue virus emergence and spread. Of these mechanisms, the emergence of novel serotypes makes vaccination controversial despite its effectiveness, along with the vector’s ability to acquire the virus and successfully transmit it, spatio-temporal adaptation, and identification of new transmission routes. We also discussed the predisposition of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts to contract the virus, as well as factors hijacking vector population activity and abundance. Indeed, the ecological dynamics of biting midges strongly influence the ability of the virus to be transmitted and to cause epizootic into parts of the world never before affected, helped by interactions between the pathogen and its host in addition to multiple routes deployed to escape defense barriers in the target infected cells. The points raised in this review can help inform aspects of interest for future studies that may elucidate factors to consider in monitoring and controlling the expansion of Culicoides-transmitted arboviruses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c45bbccd83dd42b18b220a3f00d9343c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-818X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Virology |
| spelling | doaj-art-c45bbccd83dd42b18b220a3f00d9343c2025-08-20T02:50:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Virology2673-818X2024-12-01410.3389/fviro.2024.14481921448192Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spreadSara Thabet0Sara Thabet1Rim Lajnef2Unit of Vector Ecology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, 2Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaInstitut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Tunis, TunisiaInstitut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer INSTM, Port de Pêche la Goulette, Tunis, TunisiaBluetongue is a non-zoonotic arboviral disease transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Among 1,347 Culicoides species, 30 are known to be vectors of the disease. Bluetongue affects domestic and wild ruminants across all continents, except the Antarctica, causing growing economic losses in livestock production and international trade. In this work, we focused on potential mechanisms underlying the bluetongue virus emergence and spread. Of these mechanisms, the emergence of novel serotypes makes vaccination controversial despite its effectiveness, along with the vector’s ability to acquire the virus and successfully transmit it, spatio-temporal adaptation, and identification of new transmission routes. We also discussed the predisposition of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts to contract the virus, as well as factors hijacking vector population activity and abundance. Indeed, the ecological dynamics of biting midges strongly influence the ability of the virus to be transmitted and to cause epizootic into parts of the world never before affected, helped by interactions between the pathogen and its host in addition to multiple routes deployed to escape defense barriers in the target infected cells. The points raised in this review can help inform aspects of interest for future studies that may elucidate factors to consider in monitoring and controlling the expansion of Culicoides-transmitted arboviruses.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1448192/fullbluetongue virusserotypestransmission routesCulicoidesecological dynamicsbluetongue monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Sara Thabet Sara Thabet Rim Lajnef Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread Frontiers in Virology bluetongue virus serotypes transmission routes Culicoides ecological dynamics bluetongue monitoring |
| title | Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread |
| title_full | Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread |
| title_fullStr | Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread |
| title_short | Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread |
| title_sort | potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread |
| topic | bluetongue virus serotypes transmission routes Culicoides ecological dynamics bluetongue monitoring |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1448192/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarathabet potentialmechanismsunderlyingbluetonguevirusemergenceandspread AT sarathabet potentialmechanismsunderlyingbluetonguevirusemergenceandspread AT rimlajnef potentialmechanismsunderlyingbluetonguevirusemergenceandspread |