Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread

Bluetongue is a non-zoonotic arboviral disease transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Among 1,347 Culicoides species, 30 are known to be vectors of the disease. Bluetongue affects domestic and wild ruminants across all continents, except the Antarctica, causing growing economic losses...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sara Thabet, Rim Lajnef
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Virology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1448192/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850059251344474112
author Sara Thabet
Sara Thabet
Rim Lajnef
author_facet Sara Thabet
Sara Thabet
Rim Lajnef
author_sort Sara Thabet
collection DOAJ
description Bluetongue is a non-zoonotic arboviral disease transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Among 1,347 Culicoides species, 30 are known to be vectors of the disease. Bluetongue affects domestic and wild ruminants across all continents, except the Antarctica, causing growing economic losses in livestock production and international trade. In this work, we focused on potential mechanisms underlying the bluetongue virus emergence and spread. Of these mechanisms, the emergence of novel serotypes makes vaccination controversial despite its effectiveness, along with the vector’s ability to acquire the virus and successfully transmit it, spatio-temporal adaptation, and identification of new transmission routes. We also discussed the predisposition of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts to contract the virus, as well as factors hijacking vector population activity and abundance. Indeed, the ecological dynamics of biting midges strongly influence the ability of the virus to be transmitted and to cause epizootic into parts of the world never before affected, helped by interactions between the pathogen and its host in addition to multiple routes deployed to escape defense barriers in the target infected cells. The points raised in this review can help inform aspects of interest for future studies that may elucidate factors to consider in monitoring and controlling the expansion of Culicoides-transmitted arboviruses.
format Article
id doaj-art-c45bbccd83dd42b18b220a3f00d9343c
institution DOAJ
issn 2673-818X
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Virology
spelling doaj-art-c45bbccd83dd42b18b220a3f00d9343c2025-08-20T02:50:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Virology2673-818X2024-12-01410.3389/fviro.2024.14481921448192Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spreadSara Thabet0Sara Thabet1Rim Lajnef2Unit of Vector Ecology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, 2Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaInstitut Pasteur de Tunis, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Tunis, TunisiaInstitut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer INSTM, Port de Pêche la Goulette, Tunis, TunisiaBluetongue is a non-zoonotic arboviral disease transmitted by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. Among 1,347 Culicoides species, 30 are known to be vectors of the disease. Bluetongue affects domestic and wild ruminants across all continents, except the Antarctica, causing growing economic losses in livestock production and international trade. In this work, we focused on potential mechanisms underlying the bluetongue virus emergence and spread. Of these mechanisms, the emergence of novel serotypes makes vaccination controversial despite its effectiveness, along with the vector’s ability to acquire the virus and successfully transmit it, spatio-temporal adaptation, and identification of new transmission routes. We also discussed the predisposition of the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts to contract the virus, as well as factors hijacking vector population activity and abundance. Indeed, the ecological dynamics of biting midges strongly influence the ability of the virus to be transmitted and to cause epizootic into parts of the world never before affected, helped by interactions between the pathogen and its host in addition to multiple routes deployed to escape defense barriers in the target infected cells. The points raised in this review can help inform aspects of interest for future studies that may elucidate factors to consider in monitoring and controlling the expansion of Culicoides-transmitted arboviruses.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1448192/fullbluetongue virusserotypestransmission routesCulicoidesecological dynamicsbluetongue monitoring
spellingShingle Sara Thabet
Sara Thabet
Rim Lajnef
Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
Frontiers in Virology
bluetongue virus
serotypes
transmission routes
Culicoides
ecological dynamics
bluetongue monitoring
title Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
title_full Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
title_fullStr Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
title_full_unstemmed Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
title_short Potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
title_sort potential mechanisms underlying bluetongue virus emergence and spread
topic bluetongue virus
serotypes
transmission routes
Culicoides
ecological dynamics
bluetongue monitoring
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2024.1448192/full
work_keys_str_mv AT sarathabet potentialmechanismsunderlyingbluetonguevirusemergenceandspread
AT sarathabet potentialmechanismsunderlyingbluetonguevirusemergenceandspread
AT rimlajnef potentialmechanismsunderlyingbluetonguevirusemergenceandspread