Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Under the Healthy China Initiative

Yu-Bo Cao Beijing Open University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yu-Bo Cao, Email canouzhaoyingzh@163.comObjective: This study explores the relationship between health-related physical fitness and depressive states in adolescents and examines the influence of gender, age, and pa...

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Main Author: Cao YB
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2025-05-01
Series:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
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Online Access:https://www.dovepress.com/association-between-health-related-physical-fitness-and-depressive-sym-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT
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author Cao YB
author_facet Cao YB
author_sort Cao YB
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description Yu-Bo Cao Beijing Open University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yu-Bo Cao, Email canouzhaoyingzh@163.comObjective: This study explores the relationship between health-related physical fitness and depressive states in adolescents and examines the influence of gender, age, and parental education.Methods: A stratified and cluster sampling method selected 689 students (grades 7, 8, 10, and 11) from a Beijing middle school. After screening, 441 adolescents (12– 18 years, 55.3% male) were included. Measurements included body composition (BMI), cardiopulmonary fitness (vital capacity), muscular strength/endurance (grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump), and flexibility (sit-and-reach). Depressive states were assessed using the depression subscale of the Achenbach Youth Self-Report Scale (YSR). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 with descriptive statistics, stratified analysis, and Pearson correlation.Results: Cardiopulmonary fitness was significantly negatively correlated with depressive states (r = − 0.346, p < 0.001), while grip strength showed a weak positive correlation with depression (r = 0.137, p = 0.003). Standing long jump exhibited a slight positive correlation with depression scores (r = 0.114, p < 0.05), but the effect size was negligible. BMI, sit-ups, and sit-and-reach showed no significant correlation with depression scores (p > 0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that females aged 15– 18 had significantly higher depression scores than their male counterparts (p < 0.001) and were negatively correlated with cardiopulmonary fitness (r = − 0.32, p = 0.002). Grip strength in males significantly increased with age (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), while in females, it stabilized after age 15 and showed no significant correlation with depression (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary fitness is a key factor in adolescent mental health, with a stronger impact than muscular strength. Late-adolescent females are at higher depression risk, likely due to lower cardiopulmonary fitness and increased stress. Findings highlight the need for interventions improving cardiopulmonary fitness to support adolescent mental health.Keywords: healthy China perspective, adolescents, health-related physical fitness, depression-related states, empirical study, correlation analysis
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spelling doaj-art-c4503a6868e84e5197532be4e9661b4d2025-08-20T03:53:11ZengDove Medical PressNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment1178-20212025-05-01Volume 21Issue 110191027102813Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Under the Healthy China InitiativeCao YB0School of Urban ManagementYu-Bo Cao Beijing Open University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yu-Bo Cao, Email canouzhaoyingzh@163.comObjective: This study explores the relationship between health-related physical fitness and depressive states in adolescents and examines the influence of gender, age, and parental education.Methods: A stratified and cluster sampling method selected 689 students (grades 7, 8, 10, and 11) from a Beijing middle school. After screening, 441 adolescents (12– 18 years, 55.3% male) were included. Measurements included body composition (BMI), cardiopulmonary fitness (vital capacity), muscular strength/endurance (grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump), and flexibility (sit-and-reach). Depressive states were assessed using the depression subscale of the Achenbach Youth Self-Report Scale (YSR). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 with descriptive statistics, stratified analysis, and Pearson correlation.Results: Cardiopulmonary fitness was significantly negatively correlated with depressive states (r = − 0.346, p < 0.001), while grip strength showed a weak positive correlation with depression (r = 0.137, p = 0.003). Standing long jump exhibited a slight positive correlation with depression scores (r = 0.114, p < 0.05), but the effect size was negligible. BMI, sit-ups, and sit-and-reach showed no significant correlation with depression scores (p > 0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that females aged 15– 18 had significantly higher depression scores than their male counterparts (p < 0.001) and were negatively correlated with cardiopulmonary fitness (r = − 0.32, p = 0.002). Grip strength in males significantly increased with age (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), while in females, it stabilized after age 15 and showed no significant correlation with depression (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary fitness is a key factor in adolescent mental health, with a stronger impact than muscular strength. Late-adolescent females are at higher depression risk, likely due to lower cardiopulmonary fitness and increased stress. Findings highlight the need for interventions improving cardiopulmonary fitness to support adolescent mental health.Keywords: healthy China perspective, adolescents, health-related physical fitness, depression-related states, empirical study, correlation analysishttps://www.dovepress.com/association-between-health-related-physical-fitness-and-depressive-sym-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDTHealthy China perspectiveadolescentshealth-related physical fitnessdepression-related statesempirical studycorrelation analysis.
spellingShingle Cao YB
Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Under the Healthy China Initiative
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
Healthy China perspective
adolescents
health-related physical fitness
depression-related states
empirical study
correlation analysis.
title Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Under the Healthy China Initiative
title_full Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Under the Healthy China Initiative
title_fullStr Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Under the Healthy China Initiative
title_full_unstemmed Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Under the Healthy China Initiative
title_short Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Under the Healthy China Initiative
title_sort association between health related physical fitness and depressive symptoms in chinese adolescents a nationwide cross sectional study under the healthy china initiative
topic Healthy China perspective
adolescents
health-related physical fitness
depression-related states
empirical study
correlation analysis.
url https://www.dovepress.com/association-between-health-related-physical-fitness-and-depressive-sym-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT
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