High-frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysis
This paper presents a broadband metasurface (MTS) antenna using the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) method for high-frequency gain enhancement. First, by loading four parasitic patches around the 3 × 3 squared patches on the upper layer, the potential bandwidth of the characteristic modes of the...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1638385/full |
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| author | Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Zi Yang Zi Yang Zi Yang Yan Gao Lijuan Dong Lijuan Dong Lijuan Dong Yaru Guo Yaru Guo Yaru Guo Xin Xu Xin Xu Xin Xu Tianhua Meng Tianhua Meng Tianhua Meng Weidong Hu Weidong Hu Weidong Hu Caixia Feng Caixia Feng Caixia Feng |
| author_facet | Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Zi Yang Zi Yang Zi Yang Yan Gao Lijuan Dong Lijuan Dong Lijuan Dong Yaru Guo Yaru Guo Yaru Guo Xin Xu Xin Xu Xin Xu Tianhua Meng Tianhua Meng Tianhua Meng Weidong Hu Weidong Hu Weidong Hu Caixia Feng Caixia Feng Caixia Feng |
| author_sort | Hailong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a broadband metasurface (MTS) antenna using the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) method for high-frequency gain enhancement. First, by loading four parasitic patches around the 3 × 3 squared patches on the upper layer, the potential bandwidth of the characteristic modes of the MTS is broadened, and the impedance matching of the antenna is improved. As a result, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna is improved. However, the high-frequency realized gain of the antenna is significantly lower than that at low frequency because the mode at the high operating band has radiation null in the boresight direction. To address this, two slots along the x-axis are introduced in part of the unit cells of the MTS, according to the CMA, for mode optimization. The optimized higher-order modes (HOMs) then exhibit broadside radiation patterns at high frequency, leading to a significant improvement in high-frequency realized gain. Specifically, the realized gain at 7 GHz in the boresight direction is enhanced from −1.17 dBi to 9.5 dBi. The simulated and experimental results show that the proposed antenna achieves a 55.2% (4.66 GHz–8.22 GHz) impedance bandwidth for |S11| ≤ −10 dB, with a very flat gain of 7–10 dBi. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c447302e3acb4c1ca83d59309727e813 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-424X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-c447302e3acb4c1ca83d59309727e8132025-08-20T02:40:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2025-07-011310.3389/fphy.2025.16383851638385High-frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysisHailong Liu0Hailong Liu1Hailong Liu2Zi Yang3Zi Yang4Zi Yang5Yan Gao6Lijuan Dong7Lijuan Dong8Lijuan Dong9Yaru Guo10Yaru Guo11Yaru Guo12Xin Xu13Xin Xu14Xin Xu15Tianhua Meng16Tianhua Meng17Tianhua Meng18Weidong Hu19Weidong Hu20Weidong Hu21Caixia Feng22Caixia Feng23Caixia Feng24Institute of Solid State Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional Materials, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaInstitute of Solid State Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional Materials, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaInstitute of Solid State Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional Materials, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaInstitute of Solid State Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional Materials, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaInstitute of Solid State Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional Materials, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaInstitute of Solid State Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional Materials, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional Materials, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaThe School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, ChinaTerahertz Technology (Datong) Institute, Datong, ChinaInstitute of Solid State Physics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaShanxi Province Key Laboratory of Microstructure Electromagnetic Functional Materials, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaCollege of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, ChinaThis paper presents a broadband metasurface (MTS) antenna using the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) method for high-frequency gain enhancement. First, by loading four parasitic patches around the 3 × 3 squared patches on the upper layer, the potential bandwidth of the characteristic modes of the MTS is broadened, and the impedance matching of the antenna is improved. As a result, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna is improved. However, the high-frequency realized gain of the antenna is significantly lower than that at low frequency because the mode at the high operating band has radiation null in the boresight direction. To address this, two slots along the x-axis are introduced in part of the unit cells of the MTS, according to the CMA, for mode optimization. The optimized higher-order modes (HOMs) then exhibit broadside radiation patterns at high frequency, leading to a significant improvement in high-frequency realized gain. Specifically, the realized gain at 7 GHz in the boresight direction is enhanced from −1.17 dBi to 9.5 dBi. The simulated and experimental results show that the proposed antenna achieves a 55.2% (4.66 GHz–8.22 GHz) impedance bandwidth for |S11| ≤ −10 dB, with a very flat gain of 7–10 dBi.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1638385/fullbroadbandcharacteristic mode analysismetasurfaceparasitic patchesflat gain |
| spellingShingle | Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Hailong Liu Zi Yang Zi Yang Zi Yang Yan Gao Lijuan Dong Lijuan Dong Lijuan Dong Yaru Guo Yaru Guo Yaru Guo Xin Xu Xin Xu Xin Xu Tianhua Meng Tianhua Meng Tianhua Meng Weidong Hu Weidong Hu Weidong Hu Caixia Feng Caixia Feng Caixia Feng High-frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysis Frontiers in Physics broadband characteristic mode analysis metasurface parasitic patches flat gain |
| title | High-frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysis |
| title_full | High-frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysis |
| title_fullStr | High-frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysis |
| title_short | High-frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysis |
| title_sort | high frequency gain enhancement of a broadband metasurface antenna with parasitic patches using characteristic mode analysis |
| topic | broadband characteristic mode analysis metasurface parasitic patches flat gain |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1638385/full |
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