Which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children?

Abstract Backgrounds Dental age determination methods are employed in forensic cases to estimate the age of unidentified individuals. In situations involving mass disasters or war, however, identification is complicated by the absence of adequate tissue remains. To determine children's dental a...

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Main Authors: İrem Okumuş, İpek Arslan, Sema Aydınoğlu, Dilara Nil Günaçar, Semih Ercan Akgün
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06232-7
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author İrem Okumuş
İpek Arslan
Sema Aydınoğlu
Dilara Nil Günaçar
Semih Ercan Akgün
author_facet İrem Okumuş
İpek Arslan
Sema Aydınoğlu
Dilara Nil Günaçar
Semih Ercan Akgün
author_sort İrem Okumuş
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Backgrounds Dental age determination methods are employed in forensic cases to estimate the age of unidentified individuals. In situations involving mass disasters or war, however, identification is complicated by the absence of adequate tissue remains. To determine children's dental age (DA) through various methods, assess their accuracy, and explore the relationship between bone trabeculation, chronologic age (CA), and DA using fractal dimension analysis (FDA). Methods DA was assessed using the Willems (WDA) and London Atlas (LADA) methods on panoramic radiographs of 900 children aged 6–15 years, with accuracy evaluated via mean absolute error (MAE). From these radiographs, 639 were randomly selected for FDA in six regions of interest (bilateral mandibular condyle, angle of mandible, and body of mandible). FDA was used to measure bone trabeculation and its relationship with sex, DA, and CA was determined. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests, Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results WDA and LADA proved effective in estimating the age of Turkish children, with WDA providing closer CA estimates for ages 10 years and below; LADA performed better for ages over 10 years. WDA was particularly reliable for estimating female ages. Both methods showed a positive correlation between DA and FDA, with FDA values increasing alongside CA. No significant sex differences were observed in FDA values. Conclusion Although WDA and LADA effectively determine DA with varying accuracy according to sex, the positive correlation of FDA with CA emerges as a promising study in predicting children's ages.
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spelling doaj-art-c446c4cff7d245b5a03fdd7088d9d7032025-08-20T03:10:18ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-06-0125111210.1186/s12903-025-06232-7Which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children?İrem Okumuş0İpek Arslan1Sema Aydınoğlu2Dilara Nil Günaçar3Semih Ercan Akgün4Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan UniversitySpecialist Pediatric DentistFaculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan UniversityFaculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan UniversityOndokuz Mayıs University Health Services of Vocational SchoolAbstract Backgrounds Dental age determination methods are employed in forensic cases to estimate the age of unidentified individuals. In situations involving mass disasters or war, however, identification is complicated by the absence of adequate tissue remains. To determine children's dental age (DA) through various methods, assess their accuracy, and explore the relationship between bone trabeculation, chronologic age (CA), and DA using fractal dimension analysis (FDA). Methods DA was assessed using the Willems (WDA) and London Atlas (LADA) methods on panoramic radiographs of 900 children aged 6–15 years, with accuracy evaluated via mean absolute error (MAE). From these radiographs, 639 were randomly selected for FDA in six regions of interest (bilateral mandibular condyle, angle of mandible, and body of mandible). FDA was used to measure bone trabeculation and its relationship with sex, DA, and CA was determined. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests, Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results WDA and LADA proved effective in estimating the age of Turkish children, with WDA providing closer CA estimates for ages 10 years and below; LADA performed better for ages over 10 years. WDA was particularly reliable for estimating female ages. Both methods showed a positive correlation between DA and FDA, with FDA values increasing alongside CA. No significant sex differences were observed in FDA values. Conclusion Although WDA and LADA effectively determine DA with varying accuracy according to sex, the positive correlation of FDA with CA emerges as a promising study in predicting children's ages.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06232-7Age determination by teethFractalsForensic dentistryForensic sciencesPanoramic radiography
spellingShingle İrem Okumuş
İpek Arslan
Sema Aydınoğlu
Dilara Nil Günaçar
Semih Ercan Akgün
Which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children?
BMC Oral Health
Age determination by teeth
Fractals
Forensic dentistry
Forensic sciences
Panoramic radiography
title Which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children?
title_full Which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children?
title_fullStr Which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children?
title_full_unstemmed Which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children?
title_short Which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children?
title_sort which method can be used to assess chronologic age in children
topic Age determination by teeth
Fractals
Forensic dentistry
Forensic sciences
Panoramic radiography
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06232-7
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