Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality

Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent the spread of diseases. However, hesitancy and rejection of vaccines, particularly in childhood immunizations, pose challenges to vaccination efforts. In that case, according to rational decision-making and classical utility theory, parents weigh the c...

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Main Authors: Andras Balogh, Tamer Oraby
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIMS Press 2025-02-01
Series:Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/mbe.2025014
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author Andras Balogh
Tamer Oraby
author_facet Andras Balogh
Tamer Oraby
author_sort Andras Balogh
collection DOAJ
description Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent the spread of diseases. However, hesitancy and rejection of vaccines, particularly in childhood immunizations, pose challenges to vaccination efforts. In that case, according to rational decision-making and classical utility theory, parents weigh the costs of vaccination against the costs of not vaccinating their children. Social norms influence these parental decision-making outcomes, deviating their decisions from rationality. Additionally, variability in values of utilities stemming from stochasticity in parents' perceptions over time can lead to further deviations from rationality. In this paper, we employ independent white noises to represent stochastic fluctuations in parental perceptions of utility functions of the decisions over time, as well as in the disease transmission rates. This approach leads to a system of stochastic differential Eqs of a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model coupled with a stochastic replicator Eq. We explore the dynamics of these Eqs and identify new behaviors emerging from stochastic influences. Interestingly, incorporating stochasticity into the utility functions for vaccination and nonvaccination leads to a decision-making model that reflects the bounded rationality of humans. Noise, like social norms, is a two-sided sword that depends on the degree of bounded rationality of each group. We also perform a stochastic optimal control as a discount to the cost of vaccination to counteract bounded rationality.
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spelling doaj-art-c445b30c5e41407fa2708f70aeaa9efd2025-08-20T02:26:03ZengAIMS PressMathematical Biosciences and Engineering1551-00182025-02-0122235538810.3934/mbe.2025014Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationalityAndras Balogh0Tamer Oraby1School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, Texas, USASchool of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, Texas, USAVaccination is an effective strategy to prevent the spread of diseases. However, hesitancy and rejection of vaccines, particularly in childhood immunizations, pose challenges to vaccination efforts. In that case, according to rational decision-making and classical utility theory, parents weigh the costs of vaccination against the costs of not vaccinating their children. Social norms influence these parental decision-making outcomes, deviating their decisions from rationality. Additionally, variability in values of utilities stemming from stochasticity in parents' perceptions over time can lead to further deviations from rationality. In this paper, we employ independent white noises to represent stochastic fluctuations in parental perceptions of utility functions of the decisions over time, as well as in the disease transmission rates. This approach leads to a system of stochastic differential Eqs of a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model coupled with a stochastic replicator Eq. We explore the dynamics of these Eqs and identify new behaviors emerging from stochastic influences. Interestingly, incorporating stochasticity into the utility functions for vaccination and nonvaccination leads to a decision-making model that reflects the bounded rationality of humans. Noise, like social norms, is a two-sided sword that depends on the degree of bounded rationality of each group. We also perform a stochastic optimal control as a discount to the cost of vaccination to counteract bounded rationality.https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/mbe.2025014replicator dynamicsstochastic differential equationsgame theorybounded rationalitydisease models
spellingShingle Andras Balogh
Tamer Oraby
Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality
Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering
replicator dynamics
stochastic differential equations
game theory
bounded rationality
disease models
title Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality
title_full Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality
title_fullStr Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality
title_full_unstemmed Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality
title_short Stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality
title_sort stochastic games of parental vaccination decision making and bounded rationality
topic replicator dynamics
stochastic differential equations
game theory
bounded rationality
disease models
url https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/mbe.2025014
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