Two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Abstract Purpose To investigate the optimal cycles of induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). Methods We included LANPC patients treated with two or three IC cycles from January 2015 to December 2021. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier me...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lin-Feng Guo, Yi-Feng Yu, Zhen-Zhen Lu, Qin Lin, San-Gang Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Cancer
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14699-4
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849234485783035904
author Lin-Feng Guo
Yi-Feng Yu
Zhen-Zhen Lu
Qin Lin
San-Gang Wu
author_facet Lin-Feng Guo
Yi-Feng Yu
Zhen-Zhen Lu
Qin Lin
San-Gang Wu
author_sort Lin-Feng Guo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose To investigate the optimal cycles of induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). Methods We included LANPC patients treated with two or three IC cycles from January 2015 to December 2021. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method, propensity score matching (PSM), and Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 491 patients were included in this study, of whom 166 (33.8%) received two cycles and 325 (66.2%) received three cycles of IC. Patients with stage IVA disease (P < 0.001), advanced T stage (P = 0.011), and advanced N stage (P < 0.001) were more likely to receive three cycles of IC. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that the number of IC cycles was not associated with better survival outcomes. Patients who received three cycles of IC had comparable LRFS (HR 0.992, 95% CI 0.525–1.875, P = 0.981), DMFS (HR 0.805, 95% CI 0.511–1.092, P = 0.351), PFS (HR 0.917, 95% CI 0.633–1.328, P = 0.645) and OS (HR 0.880, 95% CI 0.552–1.402, P = 0.590) compared to those with two cycles of IC. Similar results were found after PSM. No significant differences were found in the incidence of Grade 3–4 acute toxicities between the two and three-cycle groups. However, three cycles of IC significantly increased the incidence of Grade 1–2 leukopenia (P = 0.001), neutropenia (P = 0.015), anemia (P = 0.017), and vomiting (P = 0.024) compared to two cycles of IC. Conclusions The number of IC cycles (two or three) did not seem to affect the survival outcome of LANPC patients in this retrospective analysis. However, three cycles of IC were associated with a higher incidence of mild to moderate acute toxicities. Prospective studies in well-defined patient groups with a more uniform treatment program differing only in the number of IC cycles are warranted.
format Article
id doaj-art-c43b3b2d20724325b6e4ec9dca37bd11
institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2407
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Cancer
spelling doaj-art-c43b3b2d20724325b6e4ec9dca37bd112025-08-20T04:03:07ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-08-0125111210.1186/s12885-025-14699-4Two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?Lin-Feng Guo0Yi-Feng Yu1Zhen-Zhen Lu2Qin Lin3San-Gang Wu4Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen UniversityThe School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen UniversityAbstract Purpose To investigate the optimal cycles of induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). Methods We included LANPC patients treated with two or three IC cycles from January 2015 to December 2021. The chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method, propensity score matching (PSM), and Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 491 patients were included in this study, of whom 166 (33.8%) received two cycles and 325 (66.2%) received three cycles of IC. Patients with stage IVA disease (P < 0.001), advanced T stage (P = 0.011), and advanced N stage (P < 0.001) were more likely to receive three cycles of IC. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that the number of IC cycles was not associated with better survival outcomes. Patients who received three cycles of IC had comparable LRFS (HR 0.992, 95% CI 0.525–1.875, P = 0.981), DMFS (HR 0.805, 95% CI 0.511–1.092, P = 0.351), PFS (HR 0.917, 95% CI 0.633–1.328, P = 0.645) and OS (HR 0.880, 95% CI 0.552–1.402, P = 0.590) compared to those with two cycles of IC. Similar results were found after PSM. No significant differences were found in the incidence of Grade 3–4 acute toxicities between the two and three-cycle groups. However, three cycles of IC significantly increased the incidence of Grade 1–2 leukopenia (P = 0.001), neutropenia (P = 0.015), anemia (P = 0.017), and vomiting (P = 0.024) compared to two cycles of IC. Conclusions The number of IC cycles (two or three) did not seem to affect the survival outcome of LANPC patients in this retrospective analysis. However, three cycles of IC were associated with a higher incidence of mild to moderate acute toxicities. Prospective studies in well-defined patient groups with a more uniform treatment program differing only in the number of IC cycles are warranted.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14699-4Nasopharyngeal carcinomaInduction chemotherapyCyclesSurvival outcomesToxicity
spellingShingle Lin-Feng Guo
Yi-Feng Yu
Zhen-Zhen Lu
Qin Lin
San-Gang Wu
Two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
BMC Cancer
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Induction chemotherapy
Cycles
Survival outcomes
Toxicity
title Two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
title_full Two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
title_fullStr Two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
title_full_unstemmed Two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
title_short Two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma?
title_sort two or three cycles of induction chemotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
topic Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Induction chemotherapy
Cycles
Survival outcomes
Toxicity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14699-4
work_keys_str_mv AT linfengguo twoorthreecyclesofinductionchemotherapyinlocoregionallyadvancednasopharyngealcarcinoma
AT yifengyu twoorthreecyclesofinductionchemotherapyinlocoregionallyadvancednasopharyngealcarcinoma
AT zhenzhenlu twoorthreecyclesofinductionchemotherapyinlocoregionallyadvancednasopharyngealcarcinoma
AT qinlin twoorthreecyclesofinductionchemotherapyinlocoregionallyadvancednasopharyngealcarcinoma
AT sangangwu twoorthreecyclesofinductionchemotherapyinlocoregionallyadvancednasopharyngealcarcinoma