Dynamics of Fractional-Order Three-Species Food Chain Model with Vigilance Effect

Dynamics of Fractional-Order Three-Species Food Chain Model with Vigilance Effect

This study examines a Caputo-type fractional-order food chain model, considering the Holling type II functional response with the vigilance effect. The model explores the interaction dynamics of the food chain model, which consists of prey, middle predators, and top predators. Additionally, habitat...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Vinoth Seralan, Rajarathinam Vadivel, Nallappan Gunasekaran, Taha Radwan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Fractal and Fractional
Subjects:
food chain
habitat complexity
stability
fractional derivatives
vigilance
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/1/45
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