Bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the Great Oxidation Event

Abstract Phosphorus availability has influenced the co-evolution of life and Earth’s environments. While phosphate was likely the main phosphorus source for life during the Archean, phosphite (HPO3 2 −) gained importance leading up to the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). However, the concentration of ph...

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Main Authors: Abu Saeed Baidya, Joanne S. Boden, Yuhao Li, Albertus J. B. Smith, Kurt O. Konhauser, Eva E. Stüeken
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59963-0
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author Abu Saeed Baidya
Joanne S. Boden
Yuhao Li
Albertus J. B. Smith
Kurt O. Konhauser
Eva E. Stüeken
author_facet Abu Saeed Baidya
Joanne S. Boden
Yuhao Li
Albertus J. B. Smith
Kurt O. Konhauser
Eva E. Stüeken
author_sort Abu Saeed Baidya
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Phosphorus availability has influenced the co-evolution of life and Earth’s environments. While phosphate was likely the main phosphorus source for life during the Archean, phosphite (HPO3 2 −) gained importance leading up to the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). However, the concentration of phosphite in seawater at that time, and the processes driving this shift in P utilization, remain poorly constrained. Using lab experiments and phosphite data from banded iron formations (BIFs), we show that hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) preferentially remove phosphate over phosphite. This suggests that shallow seawater at the onset of the GOE could have contained up to 0.17 µM phosphite, comprising 5–88% of total dissolved inorganic phosphorus. We propose that phosphate depletion driven by HFO adsorption and microbial competition may have promoted the use of phosphite as an alternative P source.
format Article
id doaj-art-c427d1d99fc94cadb8e7df34c19c5949
institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
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spelling doaj-art-c427d1d99fc94cadb8e7df34c19c59492025-08-20T03:08:43ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-59963-0Bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the Great Oxidation EventAbu Saeed Baidya0Joanne S. Boden1Yuhao Li2Albertus J. B. Smith3Kurt O. Konhauser4Eva E. Stüeken5School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, StSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, StDepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Earth Sciences BuildingDSTI-NRF Cimera and PPM Research Group, Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland ParkDepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Earth Sciences BuildingSchool of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, StAbstract Phosphorus availability has influenced the co-evolution of life and Earth’s environments. While phosphate was likely the main phosphorus source for life during the Archean, phosphite (HPO3 2 −) gained importance leading up to the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). However, the concentration of phosphite in seawater at that time, and the processes driving this shift in P utilization, remain poorly constrained. Using lab experiments and phosphite data from banded iron formations (BIFs), we show that hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) preferentially remove phosphate over phosphite. This suggests that shallow seawater at the onset of the GOE could have contained up to 0.17 µM phosphite, comprising 5–88% of total dissolved inorganic phosphorus. We propose that phosphate depletion driven by HFO adsorption and microbial competition may have promoted the use of phosphite as an alternative P source.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59963-0
spellingShingle Abu Saeed Baidya
Joanne S. Boden
Yuhao Li
Albertus J. B. Smith
Kurt O. Konhauser
Eva E. Stüeken
Bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the Great Oxidation Event
Nature Communications
title Bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the Great Oxidation Event
title_full Bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the Great Oxidation Event
title_fullStr Bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the Great Oxidation Event
title_full_unstemmed Bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the Great Oxidation Event
title_short Bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the Great Oxidation Event
title_sort bioavailable phosphite in the surface ocean during the great oxidation event
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59963-0
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