Formulation, characterization and co-delivery of curcumin-rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that infects thousands of people every year. The growing resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics has increased the need for developing more effective and natural antimicrobial medications. In this study, niosomes loaded Rosmarinus offi...

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Main Authors: Elmira Mehdipour, Alireza Iranbakhsh, Amir Mirzaie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences 2025-04-01
Series:Nanomedicine Journal
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Online Access:https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_25432_a8580205aec4fd19151912ee3f73d716.pdf
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author Elmira Mehdipour
Alireza Iranbakhsh
Amir Mirzaie
author_facet Elmira Mehdipour
Alireza Iranbakhsh
Amir Mirzaie
author_sort Elmira Mehdipour
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that infects thousands of people every year. The growing resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics has increased the need for developing more effective and natural antimicrobial medications. In this study, niosomes loaded Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)@curcumin were synthesized, and their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity on clinical S. aureus strains was investigated.Materials and Methods: Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract was prepared through maceration and its compounds were identified by GC/MS. Niosomes loaded rosemary@curcumin were synthesized through thin-film hydration. Their characteristics were analyzed with dynamic light scattering (DLS)-zetasizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and drug release test was studied using a dialysis bag. Finally, the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against clinical strains of S. aureus were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and crystal violet methods, respectively.Results: Formulated niosomes were spherical, averaged 442 nm in size, and had uniform particle distribution. FTIR results indicated the successful encapsulation of rosemary@curcumin inside niosomes with 94.23% encapsulation efficiency. In vitro drug release studies showed a slow-release pattern of rosemary@curcumin from niosomes. The MIC and MBC values of niosomes loaded rosemary@curcumin were between 32.5 and 62.5 µg/ml and showed higher antimicrobial activity. Also, the results of the biofilm inhibition test showed that niosomes loaded rosemary@curcumin reduced the rate of biofilm formation between 2 and 4 fold.Conclusion: Niosomes loaded rosemary@curcumin have suitable structure and surface characteristics and can successfully inhibit S. aureus growth and prevent its biofilm formation potency.
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spelling doaj-art-c4216a1c19eb4116b13b8dfcf11e14ae2025-08-20T03:35:06ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesNanomedicine Journal2322-30492322-59042025-04-0112231332310.22038/nmj.2025.78286.191425432Formulation, characterization and co-delivery of curcumin-rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strainsElmira Mehdipour0Alireza Iranbakhsh1Amir Mirzaie2Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, IranObjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that infects thousands of people every year. The growing resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics has increased the need for developing more effective and natural antimicrobial medications. In this study, niosomes loaded Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)@curcumin were synthesized, and their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity on clinical S. aureus strains was investigated.Materials and Methods: Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract was prepared through maceration and its compounds were identified by GC/MS. Niosomes loaded rosemary@curcumin were synthesized through thin-film hydration. Their characteristics were analyzed with dynamic light scattering (DLS)-zetasizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and drug release test was studied using a dialysis bag. Finally, the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against clinical strains of S. aureus were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and crystal violet methods, respectively.Results: Formulated niosomes were spherical, averaged 442 nm in size, and had uniform particle distribution. FTIR results indicated the successful encapsulation of rosemary@curcumin inside niosomes with 94.23% encapsulation efficiency. In vitro drug release studies showed a slow-release pattern of rosemary@curcumin from niosomes. The MIC and MBC values of niosomes loaded rosemary@curcumin were between 32.5 and 62.5 µg/ml and showed higher antimicrobial activity. Also, the results of the biofilm inhibition test showed that niosomes loaded rosemary@curcumin reduced the rate of biofilm formation between 2 and 4 fold.Conclusion: Niosomes loaded rosemary@curcumin have suitable structure and surface characteristics and can successfully inhibit S. aureus growth and prevent its biofilm formation potency.https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_25432_a8580205aec4fd19151912ee3f73d716.pdfantimicrobialcurcuminniosomerosmarinus officinalisstaphylococcus aureus
spellingShingle Elmira Mehdipour
Alireza Iranbakhsh
Amir Mirzaie
Formulation, characterization and co-delivery of curcumin-rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains
Nanomedicine Journal
antimicrobial
curcumin
niosome
rosmarinus officinalis
staphylococcus aureus
title Formulation, characterization and co-delivery of curcumin-rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains
title_full Formulation, characterization and co-delivery of curcumin-rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains
title_fullStr Formulation, characterization and co-delivery of curcumin-rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains
title_full_unstemmed Formulation, characterization and co-delivery of curcumin-rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains
title_short Formulation, characterization and co-delivery of curcumin-rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains
title_sort formulation characterization and co delivery of curcumin rosemary loaded niosomes to enhance antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus strains
topic antimicrobial
curcumin
niosome
rosmarinus officinalis
staphylococcus aureus
url https://nmj.mums.ac.ir/article_25432_a8580205aec4fd19151912ee3f73d716.pdf
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AT amirmirzaie formulationcharacterizationandcodeliveryofcurcuminrosemaryloadedniosomestoenhanceantimicrobialactivityagainststaphylococcusaureusstrains