Understanding the Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Pathogens Through Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis
For plant diseases to become established, plant pathogens require not only virulence factors and susceptible hosts, but also optimal environmental conditions. The accumulation of high soil salinity can have serious impacts on agro-biological ecosystems. However, the interactions between plant pathog...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Hyejung Jung Gil Han Duyoung Lee Hyun-Kyoung Jung Young-Sam Kim Hee Jeong Kong Young-Ok Kim Young-Su Seo Jungwook Park |
| author_facet | Hyejung Jung Gil Han Duyoung Lee Hyun-Kyoung Jung Young-Sam Kim Hee Jeong Kong Young-Ok Kim Young-Su Seo Jungwook Park |
| author_sort | Hyejung Jung |
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| description | For plant diseases to become established, plant pathogens require not only virulence factors and susceptible hosts, but also optimal environmental conditions. The accumulation of high soil salinity can have serious impacts on agro-biological ecosystems. However, the interactions between plant pathogens and salinity have not been fully characterized. This study investigated the effects of salt stress on representative plant pathogens, such as <i>Burkholderia gladioli</i>, <i>Burkholderia glumae</i>, <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i> subsp. <i>carotovorum</i> (<i>Pcc</i>), <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, and <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i>. Phenotypic assays revealed that <i>B. gladioli</i> and <i>R. solanacearum</i> are highly sensitive to salt stress, exhibiting significant reductions in growth, motility, and enzyme production, whereas <i>Pcc</i> showed notable tolerance. Pan-genome-based comparative transcriptomics identified co-downregulated patterns in <i>B. gladioli</i> and <i>R. solanacearum</i> under stress conditions, indicating the suppression of bacterial chemotaxis and type III secretion systems. Uniquely upregulated patterns in <i>Pcc</i> were associated with enhanced survival under high salinity, such as protein quality control, osmotic equilibrium, and iron acquisition. Additionally, the application of salt stress combined with the beneficial bacterium <i>Chryseobacterium salivictor</i> significantly reduced tomato wilt caused by <i>R. solanacearum</i>, suggesting a potential management strategy. This study underscores practical implications for effectively understanding and controlling plant pathogens under future climate changes involving salt stress. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4133b05af59442db30de3e4eaa9cf82 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4133b05af59442db30de3e4eaa9cf822025-01-10T13:19:45ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-011419710.3390/plants14010097Understanding the Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Pathogens Through Phenotypic and Transcriptomic AnalysisHyejung Jung0Gil Han1Duyoung Lee2Hyun-Kyoung Jung3Young-Sam Kim4Hee Jeong Kong5Young-Ok Kim6Young-Su Seo7Jungwook Park8Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaBiotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of KoreaBiotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of KoreaBiotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of KoreaBiotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaFor plant diseases to become established, plant pathogens require not only virulence factors and susceptible hosts, but also optimal environmental conditions. The accumulation of high soil salinity can have serious impacts on agro-biological ecosystems. However, the interactions between plant pathogens and salinity have not been fully characterized. This study investigated the effects of salt stress on representative plant pathogens, such as <i>Burkholderia gladioli</i>, <i>Burkholderia glumae</i>, <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i> subsp. <i>carotovorum</i> (<i>Pcc</i>), <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, and <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i>. Phenotypic assays revealed that <i>B. gladioli</i> and <i>R. solanacearum</i> are highly sensitive to salt stress, exhibiting significant reductions in growth, motility, and enzyme production, whereas <i>Pcc</i> showed notable tolerance. Pan-genome-based comparative transcriptomics identified co-downregulated patterns in <i>B. gladioli</i> and <i>R. solanacearum</i> under stress conditions, indicating the suppression of bacterial chemotaxis and type III secretion systems. Uniquely upregulated patterns in <i>Pcc</i> were associated with enhanced survival under high salinity, such as protein quality control, osmotic equilibrium, and iron acquisition. Additionally, the application of salt stress combined with the beneficial bacterium <i>Chryseobacterium salivictor</i> significantly reduced tomato wilt caused by <i>R. solanacearum</i>, suggesting a potential management strategy. This study underscores practical implications for effectively understanding and controlling plant pathogens under future climate changes involving salt stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/97climate changecomparative transcriptomic analysishigh salinityplant pathogensalt stresssalt tolerance |
| spellingShingle | Hyejung Jung Gil Han Duyoung Lee Hyun-Kyoung Jung Young-Sam Kim Hee Jeong Kong Young-Ok Kim Young-Su Seo Jungwook Park Understanding the Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Pathogens Through Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis Plants climate change comparative transcriptomic analysis high salinity plant pathogen salt stress salt tolerance |
| title | Understanding the Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Pathogens Through Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis |
| title_full | Understanding the Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Pathogens Through Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Pathogens Through Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Pathogens Through Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis |
| title_short | Understanding the Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Pathogens Through Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis |
| title_sort | understanding the impact of salt stress on plant pathogens through phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis |
| topic | climate change comparative transcriptomic analysis high salinity plant pathogen salt stress salt tolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/97 |
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