eHealth versus face-to-face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction (eHealth DIabetes remission Trial): study protocol for a non-inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trial

Introduction If a person is in diabetes remission, even if only for a short time, this reduces the risk of later diabetes complications and lowers healthcare costs. A recent study shows that long-term remission of type 2 diabetes can be achieved through calorie restriction using total diet replaceme...

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Main Authors: Lars Lindholm, Per Liv, Julia Otten, Anna Winkvist, Andreas Stomby, Youssef Chninou, Anna Tellström, Claudia Schien
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e095100.full
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author Lars Lindholm
Per Liv
Julia Otten
Anna Winkvist
Andreas Stomby
Youssef Chninou
Anna Tellström
Claudia Schien
author_facet Lars Lindholm
Per Liv
Julia Otten
Anna Winkvist
Andreas Stomby
Youssef Chninou
Anna Tellström
Claudia Schien
author_sort Lars Lindholm
collection DOAJ
description Introduction If a person is in diabetes remission, even if only for a short time, this reduces the risk of later diabetes complications and lowers healthcare costs. A recent study shows that long-term remission of type 2 diabetes can be achieved through calorie restriction using total diet replacement. However, this intervention involves support through face-to-face meetings every 2 to 4 weeks over a 2-year period, which is not feasible in routine care with limited resources. Therefore, we have developed an eHealth programme to help patients achieve diabetes remission through calorie restriction in a cost-effective manner. Our primary hypothesis is that an eHealth programme will be non-inferior to face-to-face meetings in helping patients with type 2 diabetes achieve remission through caloric restriction. Our second hypothesis is that eHealth support will be more cost-effective than face-to-face support.Methods and analysis The eHealth DIabetes remission Trial is a multicentre, two-arm, non-inferiority, open-label, randomised controlled parallel group trial with blinded endpoint assessment conducted at two centres in Sweden. The study duration is 2 years. People with type 2 diabetes (≤6 years duration) use total diet replacement (approximately 900 kcal/day) with the aim of losing 15 kg and achieving diabetes remission. Participants are randomly assigned to either the eHealth support group or the face-to-face support group. The treatment programme to achieve and maintain weight loss is the same in both groups, but the method of support differs between the groups. The primary outcome is haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) after 1 year. The secondary outcome is HbA1c at 6 months and 2 years. Other important secondary outcomes are diabetes remission rate, body weight and cost-effectiveness. The latter is assessed using the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years gained.Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2022-02242-01, 2023-03707-02). The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and discussed at national and international conferences and with patient organisations.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05491005).
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spelling doaj-art-c4111c170eb445e48ae0be8c48360b8f2025-08-20T03:55:59ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-07-0115710.1136/bmjopen-2024-095100eHealth versus face-to-face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction (eHealth DIabetes remission Trial): study protocol for a non-inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trialLars Lindholm0Per Liv1Julia Otten2Anna Winkvist3Andreas Stomby4Youssef Chninou5Anna Tellström6Claudia Schien7Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, SwedenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Goteborgs Universitet, Goteborg, SwedenDepartment of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, SwedenDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, SwedenIntroduction If a person is in diabetes remission, even if only for a short time, this reduces the risk of later diabetes complications and lowers healthcare costs. A recent study shows that long-term remission of type 2 diabetes can be achieved through calorie restriction using total diet replacement. However, this intervention involves support through face-to-face meetings every 2 to 4 weeks over a 2-year period, which is not feasible in routine care with limited resources. Therefore, we have developed an eHealth programme to help patients achieve diabetes remission through calorie restriction in a cost-effective manner. Our primary hypothesis is that an eHealth programme will be non-inferior to face-to-face meetings in helping patients with type 2 diabetes achieve remission through caloric restriction. Our second hypothesis is that eHealth support will be more cost-effective than face-to-face support.Methods and analysis The eHealth DIabetes remission Trial is a multicentre, two-arm, non-inferiority, open-label, randomised controlled parallel group trial with blinded endpoint assessment conducted at two centres in Sweden. The study duration is 2 years. People with type 2 diabetes (≤6 years duration) use total diet replacement (approximately 900 kcal/day) with the aim of losing 15 kg and achieving diabetes remission. Participants are randomly assigned to either the eHealth support group or the face-to-face support group. The treatment programme to achieve and maintain weight loss is the same in both groups, but the method of support differs between the groups. The primary outcome is haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) after 1 year. The secondary outcome is HbA1c at 6 months and 2 years. Other important secondary outcomes are diabetes remission rate, body weight and cost-effectiveness. The latter is assessed using the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years gained.Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2022-02242-01, 2023-03707-02). The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and discussed at national and international conferences and with patient organisations.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05491005).https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e095100.full
spellingShingle Lars Lindholm
Per Liv
Julia Otten
Anna Winkvist
Andreas Stomby
Youssef Chninou
Anna Tellström
Claudia Schien
eHealth versus face-to-face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction (eHealth DIabetes remission Trial): study protocol for a non-inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trial
BMJ Open
title eHealth versus face-to-face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction (eHealth DIabetes remission Trial): study protocol for a non-inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trial
title_full eHealth versus face-to-face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction (eHealth DIabetes remission Trial): study protocol for a non-inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trial
title_fullStr eHealth versus face-to-face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction (eHealth DIabetes remission Trial): study protocol for a non-inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed eHealth versus face-to-face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction (eHealth DIabetes remission Trial): study protocol for a non-inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trial
title_short eHealth versus face-to-face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction (eHealth DIabetes remission Trial): study protocol for a non-inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trial
title_sort ehealth versus face to face support for remission of type 2 diabetes by calorie restriction ehealth diabetes remission trial study protocol for a non inferiority parallel group randomised controlled trial
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e095100.full
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