Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBD
Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), threatens the global poultry industry with acute immunosuppression. The non-lethal novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) has been identified as the primary cause of a new outbreak of atypical IBD in China. However, since...
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
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| author | Hangbo Yu Guodong Wang Wenying Zhang Ziwen Wu Xinxin Niu Mengmeng Huang Yulong Zhang Runhang Liu Jinze Han Mengmeng Xu Jingzhe Han Dan Ling Erjing Ke Suyan Wang Hongyu Cui Yanping Zhang Yuntong Chen Yongzhen Liu Yulu Duan Yulong Gao Xiaole Qi |
| author_facet | Hangbo Yu Guodong Wang Wenying Zhang Ziwen Wu Xinxin Niu Mengmeng Huang Yulong Zhang Runhang Liu Jinze Han Mengmeng Xu Jingzhe Han Dan Ling Erjing Ke Suyan Wang Hongyu Cui Yanping Zhang Yuntong Chen Yongzhen Liu Yulu Duan Yulong Gao Xiaole Qi |
| author_sort | Hangbo Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), threatens the global poultry industry with acute immunosuppression. The non-lethal novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) has been identified as the primary cause of a new outbreak of atypical IBD in China. However, since 2023, several poultry farms in China have continuously reported the detection of vvIBDV in chicken flocks exhibiting atypical IBD characteristics. To analyze this abnormal problem, the prevalence of IBDV in major poultry farming areas in China from 2023 to 2024 was monitored. Our epidemiological survey revealed four coexisting IBDV strains in China, nVarIBDV (69.9 %, 65/93) ranked the first, followed by vvIBDV (16.1 %, 15/93), attIBDV (8.6 %, 8/93), and cIBDV (5.4 %, 5/93). Notably, all these 15 vvIBDV strains detected in this study harbored single or combination mutations in the VP2 hypervariable region (HVR) including residue 279: D279N (seven strains), G254D/I256L/D279N (one strain), or A222T/G254D/I256L/D279N (seven strains). Furthermore, one representative strain of IBDV-NMG23-1701 which contained the D279N mutation was isolated. In the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the IBDV genome, IBDV-NMG23-1701 was located in the vvIBDV branch. However, IBDV-NMG23-1701 did not kill chickens directly but induced severe subclinical symptoms of atypical IBD. We named these strains mutated vvIBDV (mvvIBDV), which genotypically belonged to vvIBDV but exhibited atypical IBD symptoms. The mvvIBDV has been detected in several major poultry farming areas in China. This is the first study to identify mvvIBDV as a new pathogen causing atypical IBD, providing a scientific basis for optimizing prevention and control strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c40cd2771af94135b6822da039bc7d3b |
| institution | DOAJ |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-c40cd2771af94135b6822da039bc7d3b2025-08-20T02:40:10ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-07-01104710519510.1016/j.psj.2025.105195Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBDHangbo Yu0Guodong Wang1Wenying Zhang2Ziwen Wu3Xinxin Niu4Mengmeng Huang5Yulong Zhang6Runhang Liu7Jinze Han8Mengmeng Xu9Jingzhe Han10Dan Ling11Erjing Ke12Suyan Wang13Hongyu Cui14Yanping Zhang15Yuntong Chen16Yongzhen Liu17Yulu Duan18Yulong Gao19Xiaole Qi20Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Corresponding authors at: Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; WOAH Reference Laboratory for Infectious Bursal Disease, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Corresponding authors at: Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), threatens the global poultry industry with acute immunosuppression. The non-lethal novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) has been identified as the primary cause of a new outbreak of atypical IBD in China. However, since 2023, several poultry farms in China have continuously reported the detection of vvIBDV in chicken flocks exhibiting atypical IBD characteristics. To analyze this abnormal problem, the prevalence of IBDV in major poultry farming areas in China from 2023 to 2024 was monitored. Our epidemiological survey revealed four coexisting IBDV strains in China, nVarIBDV (69.9 %, 65/93) ranked the first, followed by vvIBDV (16.1 %, 15/93), attIBDV (8.6 %, 8/93), and cIBDV (5.4 %, 5/93). Notably, all these 15 vvIBDV strains detected in this study harbored single or combination mutations in the VP2 hypervariable region (HVR) including residue 279: D279N (seven strains), G254D/I256L/D279N (one strain), or A222T/G254D/I256L/D279N (seven strains). Furthermore, one representative strain of IBDV-NMG23-1701 which contained the D279N mutation was isolated. In the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the IBDV genome, IBDV-NMG23-1701 was located in the vvIBDV branch. However, IBDV-NMG23-1701 did not kill chickens directly but induced severe subclinical symptoms of atypical IBD. We named these strains mutated vvIBDV (mvvIBDV), which genotypically belonged to vvIBDV but exhibited atypical IBD symptoms. The mvvIBDV has been detected in several major poultry farming areas in China. This is the first study to identify mvvIBDV as a new pathogen causing atypical IBD, providing a scientific basis for optimizing prevention and control strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125004377Atypical IBDNovel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV)Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV)PathogenicitySubclinical symptoms |
| spellingShingle | Hangbo Yu Guodong Wang Wenying Zhang Ziwen Wu Xinxin Niu Mengmeng Huang Yulong Zhang Runhang Liu Jinze Han Mengmeng Xu Jingzhe Han Dan Ling Erjing Ke Suyan Wang Hongyu Cui Yanping Zhang Yuntong Chen Yongzhen Liu Yulu Duan Yulong Gao Xiaole Qi Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBD Poultry Science Atypical IBD Novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) Pathogenicity Subclinical symptoms |
| title | Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBD |
| title_full | Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBD |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBD |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBD |
| title_short | Epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in China from 2023 to 2024: Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) is associated with atypical IBD |
| title_sort | epidemiological characteristics of infectious bursal disease virus ibdv in china from 2023 to 2024 mutated very virulent ibdv mvvibdv is associated with atypical ibd |
| topic | Atypical IBD Novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) Mutated very virulent IBDV (mvvIBDV) Pathogenicity Subclinical symptoms |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125004377 |
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