Synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide/g-C3N4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight-driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dye

In this research, considering the problem of water pollution, efficient bismuthate nanostructures have been designed to destroy organic pollutants; and in the following, suitable strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficiency have been presented and analyzed. In this regard, BiGdO3 nanoparticle...

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Main Authors: Shokofeh Mirzasani, Movlud Valian, Ahmad Akbari, Forat H. Alsultany, Masoud Salavati-Niasari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Energy Nexus
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277242712500083X
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author Shokofeh Mirzasani
Movlud Valian
Ahmad Akbari
Forat H. Alsultany
Masoud Salavati-Niasari
author_facet Shokofeh Mirzasani
Movlud Valian
Ahmad Akbari
Forat H. Alsultany
Masoud Salavati-Niasari
author_sort Shokofeh Mirzasani
collection DOAJ
description In this research, considering the problem of water pollution, efficient bismuthate nanostructures have been designed to destroy organic pollutants; and in the following, suitable strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficiency have been presented and analyzed. In this regard, BiGdO3 nanoparticles were prepared by auto-combustion route using sucrose as fuel. A series of techniques including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) to analyze the morphology, phase purity and optical properties of BiGdO3 (BGO) samples are employed. Then, the obtained bismuthate nanostructures with an average size of 34.84 nm are used to form BiGdO3/g-C3N4 (BGO/CN) nanocomposites with different content. According to BET analysis, the specific surface area of BGO/CN nanocomposites was found as 5.18 m2g−1. According to DRS data, the BGO band gap (2.78 eV) decreases to 2.45 eV with CN incorporation. The obtained pure BGO nanostructures are studied in malachite green (MG) decomposition. Under optimal conditions , 0.10 g BGO degrades 97.27 % of 20 ppm MG. To investigate the photocatalytic ability of nanocomposites and to improve the use of sunlight, a comparative study is conducted between the light sources. Experimental results show that BGO/CN nanocomposites show higher pho tocatalytic activity (98.36 %) than pure BiGdO3 and g-C3N4. In addition, the photodegradation mechanism of BGO/CN by scavenging experiments introduces •OH active radicals as the main factor in the photocatalytic process.
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spelling doaj-art-c40afbc60d7c43d5b365dacee69c64052025-08-20T03:31:24ZengElsevierEnergy Nexus2772-42712025-06-011810044210.1016/j.nexus.2025.100442Synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide/g-C3N4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight-driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dyeShokofeh Mirzasani0Movlud Valian1Ahmad Akbari2Forat H. Alsultany3Masoud Salavati-Niasari4Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of IranInstitute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of IranInstitute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Medical Physics, College of Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Babylon, IraqInstitute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran; Corresponding authors.In this research, considering the problem of water pollution, efficient bismuthate nanostructures have been designed to destroy organic pollutants; and in the following, suitable strategies to improve the photocatalytic efficiency have been presented and analyzed. In this regard, BiGdO3 nanoparticles were prepared by auto-combustion route using sucrose as fuel. A series of techniques including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) to analyze the morphology, phase purity and optical properties of BiGdO3 (BGO) samples are employed. Then, the obtained bismuthate nanostructures with an average size of 34.84 nm are used to form BiGdO3/g-C3N4 (BGO/CN) nanocomposites with different content. According to BET analysis, the specific surface area of BGO/CN nanocomposites was found as 5.18 m2g−1. According to DRS data, the BGO band gap (2.78 eV) decreases to 2.45 eV with CN incorporation. The obtained pure BGO nanostructures are studied in malachite green (MG) decomposition. Under optimal conditions , 0.10 g BGO degrades 97.27 % of 20 ppm MG. To investigate the photocatalytic ability of nanocomposites and to improve the use of sunlight, a comparative study is conducted between the light sources. Experimental results show that BGO/CN nanocomposites show higher pho tocatalytic activity (98.36 %) than pure BiGdO3 and g-C3N4. In addition, the photodegradation mechanism of BGO/CN by scavenging experiments introduces •OH active radicals as the main factor in the photocatalytic process.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277242712500083XBiGdO3/g-C3N4 NanocompositeDyesHeterojunctionNanostructuresCombustionNano-Photocatalyst
spellingShingle Shokofeh Mirzasani
Movlud Valian
Ahmad Akbari
Forat H. Alsultany
Masoud Salavati-Niasari
Synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide/g-C3N4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight-driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dye
Energy Nexus
BiGdO3/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite
Dyes
Heterojunction
Nanostructures
Combustion
Nano-Photocatalyst
title Synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide/g-C3N4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight-driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dye
title_full Synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide/g-C3N4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight-driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dye
title_fullStr Synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide/g-C3N4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight-driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dye
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide/g-C3N4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight-driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dye
title_short Synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide/g-C3N4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight-driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dye
title_sort synthesis and characterization of bismuth gadolinium oxide g c3n4 heterojunction nano photocatalyst for efficient sunlight driven purification of wastewater containing malachite green dye
topic BiGdO3/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite
Dyes
Heterojunction
Nanostructures
Combustion
Nano-Photocatalyst
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277242712500083X
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