Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screening
Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a neuroinvasive arbovirus that is found throughout North America and increasingly recognized as a public health concern. From 2004 to 2012, an average of 1.7 confirmed cases were reported annually in the United States, whereas from 2013 to 2018 this figure increased o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2020.1756697 |
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| author | Cormac M. Kinsella Molly L. Paras Sandra Smole Samar Mehta Vijay Ganesh Lin H. Chen Daniel P. McQuillen Ruta Shah Justin Chan Matthew Osborne Scott Hennigan Frederic Halpern-Smith Catherine M. Brown Pardis Sabeti Anne Piantadosi |
| author_facet | Cormac M. Kinsella Molly L. Paras Sandra Smole Samar Mehta Vijay Ganesh Lin H. Chen Daniel P. McQuillen Ruta Shah Justin Chan Matthew Osborne Scott Hennigan Frederic Halpern-Smith Catherine M. Brown Pardis Sabeti Anne Piantadosi |
| author_sort | Cormac M. Kinsella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a neuroinvasive arbovirus that is found throughout North America and increasingly recognized as a public health concern. From 2004 to 2012, an average of 1.7 confirmed cases were reported annually in the United States, whereas from 2013 to 2018 this figure increased over seventeen-fold to 29.2 cases per year. The rising number of reported human infections highlights the need for better understanding of the clinical manifestations and epidemiology of JCV. Here, we describe nine patients diagnosed with neuroinvasive JCV infection in Massachusetts from 2013, the year of the first reported case in the state, to 2017. Because current diagnostic testing relies on serology, which is complicated by cross-reactivity with related orthobunyaviruses and can be negative in immunosuppressed patients, we developed and evaluated an RT-qPCR assay for detection of JCV RNA. We tested this on the available archived serum from two patients, but did not detect viral RNA. JCV is transmitted by multiple mosquito species and its primary vector in Massachusetts is unknown, so we additionally applied the RT-qPCR assay and confirmatory RNA sequencing to assess JCV prevalence in a vector candidate, Ochlerotatus canadensis. We identified JCV in 0.6% of mosquito pools, a similar prevalence to neighboring Connecticut. We assembled the first Massachusetts JCV genome directly from a mosquito sample, finding high identity to JCV isolates collected over a 60-year period. Further studies are needed to reconcile the low vector prevalence and low rate of viral evolutionary change with the increasing number of reported cases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c40367d46aa2489094bc6b641573f610 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-c40367d46aa2489094bc6b641573f6102025-08-20T03:08:29ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512020-01-019190391210.1080/22221751.2020.1756697Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screeningCormac M. Kinsella0Molly L. Paras1Sandra Smole2Samar Mehta3Vijay Ganesh4Lin H. Chen5Daniel P. McQuillen6Ruta Shah7Justin Chan8Matthew Osborne9Scott Hennigan10Frederic Halpern-Smith11Catherine M. Brown12Pardis Sabeti13Anne Piantadosi14Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USABureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USAInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USADepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Infectious Disease, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USABureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USABureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USABureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USABureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USAInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USAInfectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USAJamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a neuroinvasive arbovirus that is found throughout North America and increasingly recognized as a public health concern. From 2004 to 2012, an average of 1.7 confirmed cases were reported annually in the United States, whereas from 2013 to 2018 this figure increased over seventeen-fold to 29.2 cases per year. The rising number of reported human infections highlights the need for better understanding of the clinical manifestations and epidemiology of JCV. Here, we describe nine patients diagnosed with neuroinvasive JCV infection in Massachusetts from 2013, the year of the first reported case in the state, to 2017. Because current diagnostic testing relies on serology, which is complicated by cross-reactivity with related orthobunyaviruses and can be negative in immunosuppressed patients, we developed and evaluated an RT-qPCR assay for detection of JCV RNA. We tested this on the available archived serum from two patients, but did not detect viral RNA. JCV is transmitted by multiple mosquito species and its primary vector in Massachusetts is unknown, so we additionally applied the RT-qPCR assay and confirmatory RNA sequencing to assess JCV prevalence in a vector candidate, Ochlerotatus canadensis. We identified JCV in 0.6% of mosquito pools, a similar prevalence to neighboring Connecticut. We assembled the first Massachusetts JCV genome directly from a mosquito sample, finding high identity to JCV isolates collected over a 60-year period. Further studies are needed to reconcile the low vector prevalence and low rate of viral evolutionary change with the increasing number of reported cases.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2020.1756697Jamestown Canyon virusarbovirusencephalitismeningitisdiagnostics |
| spellingShingle | Cormac M. Kinsella Molly L. Paras Sandra Smole Samar Mehta Vijay Ganesh Lin H. Chen Daniel P. McQuillen Ruta Shah Justin Chan Matthew Osborne Scott Hennigan Frederic Halpern-Smith Catherine M. Brown Pardis Sabeti Anne Piantadosi Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screening Emerging Microbes and Infections Jamestown Canyon virus arbovirus encephalitis meningitis diagnostics |
| title | Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screening |
| title_full | Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screening |
| title_fullStr | Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screening |
| title_short | Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screening |
| title_sort | jamestown canyon virus in massachusetts clinical case series and vector screening |
| topic | Jamestown Canyon virus arbovirus encephalitis meningitis diagnostics |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2020.1756697 |
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