Synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surface
Surface modification of silicon steel was carried out by depositing nickel-bronze (Ni–Cu–Sn) using electrical discharge alloying. Three different compaction pressures (P) (450–650 MPa) were used to prepare compacts of nickel-bronze which were subsequently semi sintered at 1000 °C in a tubular furnac...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Results in Surfaces and Interfaces |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666845924002204 |
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| author | Gopathy Veerappan Manickam Ravichandran David Pritima Vinayagam Mohanavel Nachimuthu Radhika Rasaiah Naveenkumar |
| author_facet | Gopathy Veerappan Manickam Ravichandran David Pritima Vinayagam Mohanavel Nachimuthu Radhika Rasaiah Naveenkumar |
| author_sort | Gopathy Veerappan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surface modification of silicon steel was carried out by depositing nickel-bronze (Ni–Cu–Sn) using electrical discharge alloying. Three different compaction pressures (P) (450–650 MPa) were used to prepare compacts of nickel-bronze which were subsequently semi sintered at 1000 °C in a tubular furnace. The surface alloyed using the 450 MPa compacted, semi-sintered nickel-bronze electrode exhibited the presence of pores. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated the uniformity of the nickel-bronze coating on the surface achieved through EDA. The electrode synthesized at the highest compaction pressure of 650 MPa resulted in a uniform nickel-bronze coating on the steel surface. Among the three compaction pressures, the 650 MPa compacted, semi-sintered electrode (Ni–Cu–Sn) demonstrated the best performance in enhancing the hardness of the coated steel substrate, with values of 85.77 HV, 77.28 HV, 96.46 HV, 98.003 HV, and 89.613 HV. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that compaction pressure (P) is the most significant factor affecting the deposition of nickel-bronze, followed by peak current (I). The tribological behavior of uncoated silicon steel and nickel-bronze-coated steel was analyzed using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The investigation showed that the coated specimens exhibited a lower wear rate (WR) compared to the uncoated specimens. On average, there was a 19% reduction in the specific wear rate (SWR) of Ni–Cu–Sn-coated silicon steel compared to the uncoated specimens.Keywords: Silicon Steel, Microstructure, Electrical Discharge alloying, Powder metallurgy, Tribology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c4004bcecf8a4868a3beb7d2387f704f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2666-8459 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Surfaces and Interfaces |
| spelling | doaj-art-c4004bcecf8a4868a3beb7d2387f704f2025-08-20T02:06:19ZengElsevierResults in Surfaces and Interfaces2666-84592025-01-011810040010.1016/j.rsurfi.2024.100400Synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surfaceGopathy Veerappan0Manickam Ravichandran1David Pritima2Vinayagam Mohanavel3Nachimuthu Radhika4Rasaiah Naveenkumar5Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 008, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy, 621112, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India; Corresponding author. Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy, 621112, Tamil Nadu, India.Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641 008, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCentre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, 600073, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy, 621112, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSurface modification of silicon steel was carried out by depositing nickel-bronze (Ni–Cu–Sn) using electrical discharge alloying. Three different compaction pressures (P) (450–650 MPa) were used to prepare compacts of nickel-bronze which were subsequently semi sintered at 1000 °C in a tubular furnace. The surface alloyed using the 450 MPa compacted, semi-sintered nickel-bronze electrode exhibited the presence of pores. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated the uniformity of the nickel-bronze coating on the surface achieved through EDA. The electrode synthesized at the highest compaction pressure of 650 MPa resulted in a uniform nickel-bronze coating on the steel surface. Among the three compaction pressures, the 650 MPa compacted, semi-sintered electrode (Ni–Cu–Sn) demonstrated the best performance in enhancing the hardness of the coated steel substrate, with values of 85.77 HV, 77.28 HV, 96.46 HV, 98.003 HV, and 89.613 HV. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that compaction pressure (P) is the most significant factor affecting the deposition of nickel-bronze, followed by peak current (I). The tribological behavior of uncoated silicon steel and nickel-bronze-coated steel was analyzed using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The investigation showed that the coated specimens exhibited a lower wear rate (WR) compared to the uncoated specimens. On average, there was a 19% reduction in the specific wear rate (SWR) of Ni–Cu–Sn-coated silicon steel compared to the uncoated specimens.Keywords: Silicon Steel, Microstructure, Electrical Discharge alloying, Powder metallurgy, Tribology.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666845924002204 |
| spellingShingle | Gopathy Veerappan Manickam Ravichandran David Pritima Vinayagam Mohanavel Nachimuthu Radhika Rasaiah Naveenkumar Synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surface Results in Surfaces and Interfaces |
| title | Synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surface |
| title_full | Synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surface |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surface |
| title_short | Synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surface |
| title_sort | synthesis of semi sintered nickel bronze electrode for electric discharge surface alloying of silicon steel and the properties of coated surface |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666845924002204 |
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